TWP/C1 - Incorrect elevation reported in Manus Data

(From Bill Clements) We have been using 6m MSL as the station
elevation of Momote (Manus).  This was based on information
posted near the station barometer in the Momote Weather Service
Office.  It turns out that the official WMO station elevation
for Momote is 4m MSL and the upper air elevation is 5m MSL.

All Manus instruments except the sonde station are at 4m MSL.
The sonde launching station is at 5m MSL.

• alt

TWP/C1/Balloon Soundings Maximum Altitude

Only surface data included in this data file.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• lat
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Wind Direction(deg)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• asc
• lon
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• base_time
• alt
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• wstat

• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• wstat
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• alt
• Wind Direction(deg)
• lat
• base_time
• asc
• lon

TWP/C1/Balloon Soundings Maximum Altitude

Only surface data included in this data file.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• lat
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Wind Direction(deg)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• asc
• lon
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• base_time
• alt
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• wstat

• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• wstat
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• alt
• Wind Direction(deg)
• lat
• base_time
• asc
• lon

TWP/C1/Balloon Soundings Maximum Altitude

Only surface data included in this data file.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• lat
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Wind Direction(deg)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• asc
• lon
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• base_time
• alt
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• wstat

• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• wstat
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• alt
• Wind Direction(deg)
• lat
• base_time
• asc
• lon

TWP/C1/Balloon Soundings Maximum Altitude

Only surface data included in this data file.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• lat
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Wind Direction(deg)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• asc
• lon
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• base_time
• alt
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• wstat

• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• wstat
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• alt
• Wind Direction(deg)
• lat
• base_time
• asc
• lon

TWP/C1/Balloon Soundings Maximum Altitude

Only surface data included in this data file.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• lat
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Wind Direction(deg)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• asc
• lon
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• base_time
• alt
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• wstat

• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• wstat
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• alt
• Wind Direction(deg)
• lat
• base_time
• asc
• lon

TWP/C1/Balloon Soundings Maximum Altitude

This sonde only reached a height of 0.3 km.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• lat
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Wind Direction(deg)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• asc
• lon
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• base_time
• alt
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• wstat

• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• wstat
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• alt
• Wind Direction(deg)
• lat
• base_time
• asc
• lon

TWP/C1/Balloon Soundings Maximum Altitude

This sonde only reached a height of 0.4 km.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• lat
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Wind Direction(deg)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• asc
• lon
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• base_time
• alt
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• wstat

• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• wstat
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• time_offset
• alt
• Wind Direction(deg)
• lat
• base_time
• asc
• lon

TWP/C1 - Generator Problem

On November 18 the generator was turned off due to a fault in the oil
pressure sensor. It had been having trouble for at least a day prior
to the manual shut-down. ADaM, the MPL, and the WSI were also shut
down to prevent an unscheduled power cycle. As a result, there is a block 
of missing data from November 20-27 for all of the instruments except 
those connected to the Zeno loggers (SKYRAD, GNDRAD, SMET).

• Wind Direction(deg)
• asc
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• lon
• base_time
• wstat
• lat
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• time_offset
• alt

• Pressure, atmospheric, constant value of model level, RUC model output(pres)
• wstat
• asc
• lon
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• base_time
• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• time_offset
• alt
• Wind Direction(deg)
• lat

• laser_temperature
• Backscatter(backscatter)
• lon
• measurement_parameters
• base_time
• alt_highest_signal
• Vertical visibility(vertical_visibility)
• alt
• lat
• Second lowest cloud base height(second_cbh)
• Lowest cloud base height detected.(first_cbh)
• receiver_sensitivity
• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)
• range
• detection_status
• background_light
• time_offset
• sum_backscatter
• status_flag
• window_contamination
• tilt_angle
• laser_pulse_energy
• filename
• status_string

• laser_pulse_energy
• Second lowest cloud base height(second_cbh)
• time_offset
• receiver_sensitivity
• Vertical visibility(vertical_visibility)
• filename
• measurement_parameters
• status_string
• background_light
• sum_backscatter
• lon
• status_flag
• detection_status
• range
• laser_temperature
• Third cloud base height(third_cbh)
• Lowest cloud base height detected.(first_cbh)
• alt
• alt_highest_signal
• tilt_angle
• Backscatter(backscatter)
• window_contamination
• lat
• base_time

• logger_volt
• lon
• alt
• diffuse_hemisp_broadband
• base_time
• cosine_solar_zenith_angle
• lat
• Direct Normal Broadband Irradiance(direct_norm_broadband)
• time_offset
• callang_flags
• hemisp_narrowband
• diffuse_hemisp_narrowband
• total_hemisp_broadband
• mfrsr_temp
• Direct Normal Irradiance, NIMFR(direct_norm_narrowband)

• lat
• dif6
• dif5
• dif7
• dif2
• dif1
• dif4
• dif3
• supply_voltage
• base_time
• detector_temp
• alt
• time_offset
• tot3
• tot4
• lon
• tot1
• tot2
• tot7
• tot5
• tot6
• dirn4
• dirn3
• dirn2
• dirn1
• dirn7
• dirn6
• dirn5

TWP/C1 - Incorrect elevation reported in Manus Data

(From Bill Clements) We have been using 6m MSL as the station
elevation of Momote (Manus).  This was based on information
posted near the station barometer in the Momote Weather Service
Office.  It turns out that the official WMO station elevation
for Momote is 4m MSL and the upper air elevation is 5m MSL.

All Manus instruments except the sonde station are at 4m MSL.
The sonde launching station is at 5m MSL.

• alt

TWP/SONDE/C1  - Broken Temperature Sensor

The temperature sensor on these radiosondes broke after launch.
All the temperature related data are incorrect.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)

TWP/Sonde/C1 - Bad RH Values

The RH values from the surface to approximately 11.5 km oscillate between reasonable 
values and zero.  This is apparently caused by a failure in the RH sensor heating process.  
Although the oscillation stops when the heating stops (at temperatures below ~ -45degC) I 
think the values must be viewed as suspect.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Questionable RH

It appears that the RH sensor heating circuit failed during this portion of the sounding 
(approximately between 5km and 10km).  The RH oscillates rapidly between low (~5 %RH) and 
not so low (~50 %RH) and the oscillation seems to stop when the temperature is below ~35 
degC.  According to Vaisala these are symptoms of failure in the ASIC (application 
specific integrated circuit) that controls the heating.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Bad RH

The RH sensor heating circuit failed on this radiosonde.  The RH-related values obtained 
between 0 and 10000 meters oscillate between near-zero and reasonable ambient values.  
Above 10000 the RH values are likely correct.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Broken temperature sensor

The temperature sensor on this radiosonde broke after launch.  All the temperature-related 
data are incorrect.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Broken temperature sensor

The temperature sensor on these radiosondes broke after launch
All the temperature-related data are incorrect.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)
• Dry Bulb Temperature(tdry)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Bad RH sensors

It appears that the RH sensor heating circuit failed during this portion of the sounding 
(approximately between 0km and 12km).  The RH oscillates rapidly in a 20% range and the 
oscillation seems to stop when the temperature is below ~45 degC.  These are symptoms of 
failure in the ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) that controls the heating.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Bad RH sensor

It appears that the RH sensor heating circuit failed during this portion of the sounding 
(approximately between the surface and 11km).  The RH oscillates rapidly between low (~0 
%RH) and high (~80 %RH) and the oscillation seems to stop when the temperature is below 
~40 degC.  According to Vaisala these are symptoms of failure in the ASIC (application 
specific integrated circuit) that controls the heating.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Bad RH at beginning of sounding

It appears that the RH sensor heating circuit failed during this portion of the sounding 
(approximately between 0km and 11km).  The RH oscillates rapidly between low (~15 %RH) and 
not so low (~50 %RH) and the oscillation seems to stop when the temperature is below ~40 
degC.  According to Vaisala these are symptoms of failure in the ASIC (application 
specific integrated circuit) that controls the heating.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Bad RH at beginning of sounding

It appears that the RH sensor heating circuit failed during this portion of the sounding 
(approximately between 0km and 11km).  The RH oscillates rapidly between low (~0 %RH) and 
not so low (~80 %RH) and the oscillation seems to stop when the temperature is below ~40 
degC.  According to Vaisala these are symptoms of failure in the ASIC (application 
specific integrated circuit) that controls the heating.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1  - Bad RH in short interval aloft

It appears that the RH sensor heating circuit on this sonde failed about 31 minutes into 
the flight.  The RH values look reasonable from the surface to approximately 8.25 km at 
which point they begin to oscillate between 0 and 40%.  This behavior stops when the sonde 
reaches approximately 11.0km when the air temperature drops below -40 degC.  The 
oscillation stops at that point, though the RH remains higher than might be expected even under 
supersaturated conditions.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Bad RH at beginning of sounding

It appears that the RH sensor heating circuit failed during this portion of the sounding 
(approximately between 0km and 11km).  The RH oscillates rapidly between low (~2 %RH) and 
not so low (~90 %RH) and the oscillation seems to stop when the temperature is below ~40 
degC.  According to Vaisala these are symptoms of failure in the ASIC (application 
specific integrated circuit) that controls the heating.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Bad RH at beginning of sounding

It appears that the RH sensor heating circuit failed during this portion of the sounding 
(approximately between 0km and 11km).  The RH oscillates rapidly between low (~1 %RH) and 
high (~80 %RH).  According to Vaisala these are symptoms of failure in the ASIC 
(application specific integrated circuit) that controls the heating.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Bad RH at beginning of sounding

It appears that the RH sensor heating circuit failed during this portion of the sounding 
(approximately between 0km and 11km).  The RH oscillates rapidly between low (~5 %RH) and 
not so low (~70 %RH) and the oscillation seems to stop when the temperature is below ~40 
degC.  According to Vaisala these are symptoms of failure in the ASIC (application 
specific integrated circuit) that controls the heating.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Bad RH at beginning of sounding

It appears that the RH sensor heating circuit failed during this portion of the sounding 
(approximately between 0km and 12km).  The RH oscillates rapidly between low (~2 %RH) and 
not so low (~80 %RH) and the oscillation seems to stop when the temperature is below ~40 
degC.  According to Vaisala these are symptoms of failure in the ASIC (application 
specific integrated circuit) that controls the heating.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Surface RH value incorrect

The surface RH value of 77% when the value should have been in the low 60's.  It appears 
the observers did not allow the sonde to equilibrate to ambient conditions before 
collecting the surface data.  This error also caused the dew point to be incorrect.

• Humidity, relative(rh)
• Dewpoint Temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Wind data missing

A GPS problem associated with Vaisala BBSS ground station software issues caused the 
ground stations to enter into an error state when using GPS wind finding. In some instances, 
the flight was aborted due to the error state and not data was collected.  A workaround 
was developed to allow sondes to be launched without collecting wind data.

• wstat
• Northward Wind Component(v_wind)
• Eastward Wind Component(u_wind)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)