TWP/MWR/C1 - Rain on window

The heater/blower assembly that prevents water from accumulating on the
sensor's Teflon window appears to not be working throughout this period.
Consequently, the data is subject to contamination due to rain on the
sensor window for several hours after the end of rain events and should
be used with caution.

• Mean IR brightness temperature(ir_temp)
• Mean 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Mean 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)

• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Mean IR brightness temperature(ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise23)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky plus noise injection signal(skyn23)
• Mean 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 31.4 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise31)
• Mean 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• 31.4 GHz sky+noise injection signal(skyn31)

• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• 23.8 GHz noise diode calib (injection temp) at Tkxc(23ndiode)
• Tip configuration number(tipn)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody signal(31tipbb)
• Mean IR brightness temperature(ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 23.8 GHz calibration curve slope(23gain)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody signal(23tipbb)
• 31.4 GHz noise diode calib adjusted to tknd_nom and low_pass filltered(31expave)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 23.8 GHz calibration curve offset(23tbzenith)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal+noise injection signal(31tipskynd)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz calibration curve offset(31tbzenith)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• 31.4 GHz noise diode calib (injection temp) at Tkxc(31ndiode)
• 31.4 GHz calibration curve slope(31gain)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• 23.8 GHz noise diode calib adjusted to tknd_nom and low_pass filltered(23expave)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal+noise injection signal(23tipskynd)

• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal+noise injection signal(tipskynd23)
• 31.4 GHz calibration curve slope(gain31)
• 31.4 GHz zenith brightness temperature(tbzenith31)
• 31.4 GHz noise diode calib adjusted to tknd_nom and low_pass filtered(expave31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 31.4 GHz noise diode calib (injection temp) at Tkxc(ndiode31)
• 23.8 GHz zenith brightness temperature(tbzenith23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Mean IR brightness temperature(ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody signal(tipbb23)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 23.8 GHz calibration curve slope(gain23)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody signal(tipbb31)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal+noise injection signal(tipskynd31)
• 23.8 GHz noise diode calib adjusted to tknd_nom and low_pass filtered(expave23)
• 23.8 GHz noise diode calib (injection temp) at Tkxc(ndiode23)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• Tip configuration number(tipn)

TWP/MwR/C1 - Incorrect lat/lon/alt recorded in data files

The lat/lon/alt values were mixed up in these files.  The
correct values are:

latitude = -2.058
longitude = 147.425
altitude = 4.0 (corrected from previous 6.1)

• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)

• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)

• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)

• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)

TWP/C1 - Incorrect elevation reported in Manus Data

Bill Clements reports we have been using 6m MSL as the station elevation of Momote 
(Manus).  This was based on information posted near the station barometer in the Momote Weather 
Service Office.  It turns out that the official WMO station elevation for Momote is 4m 
MSL and the upper air elevation is 5m MSL.

All Manus instruments except the sonde station are at 4m MSL. The sonde launching station 
is at 5m MSL.

• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)

• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)

• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)

• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)

• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)

TWP/MWR/C1 - min/max/delta values incorrect

The values of valid_min, valid_max, and valid_delta for fields tkxc and tknd were 
incorrect. They should be 303, 333, and 0.5 K, respectively

• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)

TWP/MWR/C1 - wrong azimuth

The MWR was initially installed at an azimuth angle defined as 180 degrees but the value 
in the configuration file was not changed from the default of 0 degrees. In examining 
photos taken during the installation of the AWS tower, I noticed that the MWR was rotated 
opposite the normal orientation. The value in the configuration file was changed to reflect 
the actual azimuth of the instrument.

• Actual Azimuth(actaz)

• Actual Azimuth(actaz)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Software Change

The MWR operating software was changed on 27 February 1999 to provide additional 
functionality as described below. This change affects the format of the raw and ingested data. 

NEW FEATURES

1. Faster sampling rate

Standard line-of-sight (LOS) observations can now be acquired at
15-second intervals vs. 20-second intervals previously. (The standard
LOS cycle is comprised of one sky sample per blackbody sample and gain
update.)

2. More flexible sampling strategy

Multiple sky observations can be acquired during a LOS cycle, up to
1024 per gain update. This permits sky samples to be acquired at
intervals of 2.67 seconds for improved temporal resolution of cloud
liquid water variations and better coordination with the millimeter
cloud radar during IOPs.

3. Separation of zenith LOS observations from TIP data

When the radiometer is in TIP mode, the zenith LOS observations are
now extracted, the PWV and LWP computed and reported separately in the
output file. This eliminates the periods of missing LOS data during
calibration checks/updates.

4. Automatic self-calibration

The software now permits the calibration to be updated at specified
intervals or continuously. In the first case, LOS mode is
automatically changed to TIP mode at user-specified intervals or
whenever clear sky conditions occur, the tip data reduced, the
calibration updated ,and the radiometer returned to LOS mode without
operator intervention. In the second case, the radiometer is
continuously is TIP mode until changed by the operator.

5. Graphical user display

The graphical display is comprised of a status display, a message
display, a temperature plot, a plot of the retrieved PWV and LWP, and
(in TIP mode) a plot of the latest tip curves.

• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• Mean IR brightness temperature(ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Mean 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Time offset from base_time(base_time)
• Mean 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)

• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)
• Water on Teflon window (1=WET, 0=DRY)(wet_window)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Mean IR brightness temperature(ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• Actual Azimuth(actaz)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• Actual elevation angle(actel)
• Noise diode mount temperature(tknd)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Time offset from base_time(base_time)
• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Mean 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• 23.8 GHz sky plus noise injection signal(skyn23)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 31.4 GHz noise injection brightness temperature(unoise31)
• Mean 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Which LOS configuration(losn)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• 31.4 GHz Blackbody signal(bb31)
• 31.4 GHz sky+noise injection signal(skyn31)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)

TWP/MWR/C1 - software upgrade (version 3.29)

The MWR operating program was upgraded to version 3.29 on 15 March 1999. This version 
includes a beam width correction as well as providing the capability to automatically level 
the elevation mirror (that is, to automatically detect and correct offsets in the 
elevation angle stepper motor position.)
   
The improvement in the quality of the tip curves resulting from the auto-leveling has been 
dramatic: differences in the brightness temperatures at 3 airmasses (19.5 and 160.5 
degrees) have been reduced from +/- 5 K to +/- 0.5 K.  In order to take full advantage of 
this improvement to detect and reject cloudy tip curves, the minimum value of the 
goodness-of-fit coefficient for a valid tip curve has been increased from 0.995 to 0.998.

• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)
• Mean 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Mean 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)

• Mean total liquid water amount along LOS path(liq)
• Mean 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• Mean 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Mean total water vapor amount along LOS path(vap)