SGP/EBBR/E13  - Wind Speed Frozen Stopped By Ice Storm

An ice storm froze the wind speed sensor to a stopped condition.

The wind speed and residual wind speed measurements are incorrect.

This sensor failure does not affect the sensible and latent heat fluxes.

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• Resultant wind speed(res_ws)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Resultant wind speed(res_ws)

SGP/EBBR/E13  - Wind Direction Frozen Stopped By Ice Storm

The wind direction sensor was frozen stopped by ice from a storm.  
The wind direction, sigma_wd, and residual wind speed measurements 
are incorrect.

• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)

• Resultant wind speed(res_ws)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)

• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Resultant wind speed(res_ws)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Net Radiometer Tilted Half Degree West

The net radiation daily peak on sunny days occured 1/2 hour after the net radiation peak 
at E2, E9, and the SIRS because the sensor was tipped to the west about 1/2 degree.

• Net radiation(mv_q)

• specific humidity(q)

• specific humidity(q)
• latent heat flux(e)
• corrected sensible heat flux(h)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes Incorrect (AEM failure)

The AEM was stuck in the home 30 position most of this period.

Therefore, the sensible and latent heat fluxes are incorrect during most of this period.

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)

• temperature of the bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• temperature of the top humidity sensor chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

• bottom relative humidity(hum_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• temperature of the bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• temperature of the top humidity sensor chamber(thum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• corrected sensible heat flux(h)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top relative humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Improved EBBR CR10 Program

Effective 20050331.2100, the EBBR.E13 CR10 program was revised to improve the quality of 
the primary measurements as follows:

1) An RMS procedure is used to determine max and min limits of acceptable soil heat flow.  
This is applied to the individual soil sets.  Measurements outside the limits are 
rejected and the measurements within the limits are used to calculate the average soil heat flow.

2) Max and min limits are used to determine incorrect values of net radiation, sensible 
heat flux (h), latent heat flux (e), and automatic exchange mechanism (AEM) signal.  If AEM 
signal is outside the limits, h and e are set to 999s.  If net radiation is outside the 
limits, h and e are set to 999s. If h or e are outside the limits, h and e are set to 999s.

Virtually no incorrect soil measurement will affect the primary measurements of h and e.

By setting h and e to 999s, it can be easily seen that the primary variables are 
incorrect; no other interpretation is possible.

Prior to 20050331, the improved CR10 program was NOT in effect.  DQRs have been submitted 
for known instances of incorrect soil measurements which affected the quality of the 
primary measurements of h and e.

Note: the DQR begin date is the begin date of the sgp30ebbrE13.b1 data stream.  The 
earlier version of the CR10 program was also used on previous EBBR datastream names (e.g. 
sgp30ebbrE13.a1).

• average surface soil heat flow at the surface(ave_shf)
• latent heat flux(e)
• corrected sensible heat flux(h)

SGP/ECOR/E14 - CO2/H2O Incorrect

The LI-7500 CO2/H2O sensor stopped working after a rainstorm.  CO2 and H2O data are 
incorrect during the stated period.

• skewness of variable q(skew_q)
• rotated covariance uq(cvar_rot_uq)
• mean value of out of range values and spikes of c -9999 if no spikes(mean_spk_c)
• covariance of qc(cvar_qc)
• number of c samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_c)
• rotated covariance wq(cvar_rot_wq)
• covariance uq(cvar_uq)
• rotated covariance uc(cvar_rot_uc)
• number of valid q samples(n_good_q)
• number of samples with \IRGA hardware problem\ flag(n_bad_irga)
• 0=real or 1=dummy value of lv(real_lv)
• average temperature (IGRA internal sensor)(temp_irga)
• rotated covariance vc(cvar_rot_vc)
• number of bad or out of range c samples(n_bad_c)
• mean value of out of range values and spikes of q -9999 if no spikes(mean_spk_q)
• variance of variable q(var_q)
• number of samples with IRGA optical path blocked flag(n_bad_irga_light)
• variance of variable c(var_c)
• rotated covariance wc(cvar_rot_wc)
• covariance uc(cvar_uc)
• covariance of tq(cvar_tq)
• number of q samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_q)
• mean water vapor concentration (q)(mean_q)
• kurtosis of variable c(kurt_c)
• covariance of tc(cvar_tc)
• covariance vc(cvar_vc)
• covariance wq(cvar_wq)
• number of valid c samples(n_good_c)
• skewness of variable c(skew_c)
• latent heat flux(lv_e)
• mean co2 concentration (c)(mean_c)
• CO2 flux(fc)
• rotated covariance vq(cvar_rot_vq)
• covariance wc(cvar_wc)
• number of bad or out of range q samples(n_bad_q)
• kurtosis of variable q(kurt_q)
• covariance vq(cvar_vq)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Fluxes Incorrect

The AEM has not been reaching the home_30 position fully a few times a day on most days, 
resulting in zero home_30 measurements.

The sensible and latent heat fluxes are incorrect when the home_30 measurement is near 
zero.

• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)

• temperature of the bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• temperature of the top humidity sensor chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• bottom relative humidity(hum_bot)
• top relative humidity(hum_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

• bottom relative humidity(hum_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• temperature of the bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• temperature of the top humidity sensor chamber(thum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• corrected sensible heat flux(h)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top relative humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Loose connections

The tair_bot spiked around midday, as if it is temperature related, and may have indicated 
a loose connection.

The sensible and latyent heat fluxes and Bowen ratio were incorrect when this condition 
occurred.

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• latent heat flux(e)
• corrected sensible heat flux(h)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Average Soil Heat Flux Incorrect

A typo in the version 9 EBBR program caused average soil heat flow to be zero, resulting 
in both sensible and latent heat fluxes being approximately 20 watts per meter squared too 
large during the middle of the day.

• average surface soil heat flow at the surface(ave_shf)
• latent heat flux(e)
• corrected sensible heat flux(h)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - All EBBR Data Missing

All E13 EBBR data was missing during these three periods.

• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• Time offset from base_time(base_time)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Signature(signature)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Battery(bat)

• Time offset from base_time(base_time)
• Home signal(home)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• bottom relative humidity(hum_bot)
• Time offset from midnight of date of file. For CO data, this is identical to
  time_offset and is included for compatibility.(time)
• temperature of the bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)
• specific humidity(q)
• temperature of the top humidity sensor chamber(thum_top)
• Resultant wind speed(res_ws)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• pressure at constant pressure surface(pres)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• top relative humidity(hum_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• average surface soil heat flow at the surface(ave_shf)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Soil moisture 4 (mass water/mass dry soil)(sm4)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• Soil moisture 5 (mass water/mass dry soil)(sm5)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• soil heat flow at the surface 3(g3)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Time offset from base_time(base_time)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• soil heat flow at the surface 2(g2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• corrected sensible heat flux(h)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Soil moisture 2 (mass water/mass dry soil)(sm2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top relative humidity(hum_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• Resultant wind speed(res_ws)
• bottom relative humidity(hum_bot)
• pressure at constant pressure surface(pres)
• soil heat flow at the surface 1(g1)
• soil heat flow at the surface 4(g4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• temperature of the top humidity sensor chamber(thum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)
• specific humidity(q)
• Soil moisture 3 (mass water/mass dry soil)(sm3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• Soil moisture 1 (mass water/mass dry soil)(sm1)
• temperature of the bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• soil heat flow at the surface 5(g5)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - metadata corrections

On 20050723, a series of metadata corrections and additions were completed.  These 
metadata changes apply to all EBBR.E13 data collected by ARM back to the installation of the 
instrument in September 1992.  Please see the current metadata for correct information.  
These changes do not affect data values or quality.

The changes are summarized below:
1) Update of "sensor location" information
2) Addition of installation dates for systems
3) Correction of soil type
4) Correction of soil moisture units (from "by volume" to "gravimetric")

• Time offset from base_time(base_time)

• Time offset from base_time(base_time)

• Time offset from base_time(base_time)

SGP/ECOR/E14 - CO2/H2O Fluxes Incorrect All Times, All Measurements Incorrect Sometimes

A problem with garbled sonic anemometer data sometimes occurred (causing all data to be 
incorrect), but this first followed a failure of analog communications with the LI-7500; 
LI-7500 analog measurements (but not the measurements communicated through the serial line) 
were incorrect during the entire period.

It is unclear at this point what initiated the problem.

• 0=real or 1=dummy value of rho(real_rho)
• vw covariance(cvar_vw)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)
• skewness of variable v(skew_v)
• number of bad or out of range u samples(n_bad_u)
• 0=real or 1=dummy value of lv(real_lv)
• average temperature (IGRA internal sensor)(temp_irga)
• rotated covariance vc(cvar_rot_vc)
• mean value of out of range values and spikes of q -9999 if no spikes(mean_spk_q)
• corrected sensible heat flux(h)
• number of w samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_w)
• Down-boom wind velocity (u)(mean_u)
• mixing ratio(mr)
• wT covariance(cvar_wt)
• 0=real or 1=dummy value of mr(real_mr)
• covariance wq(cvar_wq)
• Vertical angle of wind(phi)
• rotated variance u(var_rot_u)
• latent heat flux(lv_e)
• number of bad or out of range q samples(n_bad_q)
• number of v samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_v)
• specific heat of moist air(cp)
• standard deviation of wind direction(std_wind_dir)
• covariance vq(cvar_vq)
• number of valid w samples(n_good_w)
• number of t samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_t)
• skewness of variable q(skew_q)
• friction velocity(ustar)
• covariance uv(cvar_uv)
• covariance of qc(cvar_qc)
• rotated covariance wq(cvar_rot_wq)
• Time offset from base_time(base_time)
• covariance uq(cvar_uq)
• number of valid v samples(n_good_v)
• standard deviation of wind elevation angle(std_elev)
• rotated covariance uc(cvar_rot_uc)
• number of bad or out of range c samples(n_bad_c)
• mean value of out of range values and spikes of t -9999 if no spikes(mean_spk_t)
• variance of variable c(var_c)
• uw covariance(cvar_uw)
• rotated covariance wt(cvar_rot_wt)
• rotated covariance wc(cvar_rot_wc)
• covariance uc(cvar_uc)
• rotated covariance uv(cvar_rot_uv)
• number of bad or out of range w samples(n_bad_w)
• average atmospheric pressure (IGRA internal sensor)(atm_pres)
• number of valid c samples(n_good_c)
• number of bad or out of range v samples(n_bad_v)
• CO2 flux(fc)
• number of valid u samples(n_good_u)
• covariance wc(cvar_wc)
• rotated variance w(var_rot_w)
• Retrieved water vapor density profile(rho)
• mean sonic temperature (t), i.e. virtual temperature(mean_t)
• rotated covariance uw(cvar_rot_uw)
• covariance ut(cvar_ut)
• mean w (vertical) wind component(mean_w)
• rotated variance v(var_rot_v)
• vector averaged wind direction(wind_dir)
• rotated covariance uq(cvar_rot_uq)
• number of c samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_c)
• Cross-boom wind velocity (v)(mean_v)
• number of samples with \IRGA hardware problem\ flag(n_bad_irga)
• rotated mean w(mean_rot_w)
• kurtosis of variable t(kurt_t)
• kurtosis of variable u(kurt_u)
• number of samples with IRGA optical path blocked flag(n_bad_irga_light)
• kurtosis of variable v(kurt_v)
• rotated covariance vw(cvar_rot_vw)
• covariance of tc(cvar_tc)
• covariance vc(cvar_vc)
• skewness of variable w(skew_w)
• 0=real or 1=dummy value of cp(real_cp)
• mean co2 concentration (c)(mean_c)
• rotated covariance vq(cvar_rot_vq)
• kurtosis of variable w(kurt_w)
• Time offset from midnight of date of file. For CO data, this is identical to
  time_offset and is included for compatibility.(time)
• number of bad or out of range t samples(n_bad_t)
• momentum flux (dynamic)(k)
• mean value of \spike\ w samples(mean_spk_w)
• number of valid t samples(n_good_t)
• rotated mean v(mean_rot_v)
• number of u samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_u)
• mean value of out of range values and spikes of c -9999 if no spikes(mean_spk_c)
• number of valid q samples(n_good_q)
• vector averaged wind speed(wind_spd)
• average voltage of IRGA cooler(mean_cooler)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• variance of variable q(var_q)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• skewness of variable t(skew_t)
• variance of variable w(var_w)
• skewness of variable u(skew_u)
• mean horizontal wind speed(mean_rot_u)
• covariance of tq(cvar_tq)
• number of q samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_q)
• mean water vapor concentration (q)(mean_q)
• kurtosis of variable c(kurt_c)
• variance of variable v(var_v)
• mean value of \spike\ u samples(mean_spk_u)
• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• rotated covariance ut(cvar_rot_ut)
• variance of variable t(var_t)
• skewness of variable c(skew_c)
• latent heat of vaporization(lv)
• variance of variable u(var_u)
• number of samples with bad sonic status flag(n_bad_son_ic)
• rotated covariance vt(cvar_rot_vt)
• vertical (elevation) wind angle(elev)
• kurtosis of variable q(kurt_q)
• covariance vt(cvar_vt)
• mean value of \spike\ v samples(mean_spk_v)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Wind Speed Sensor Frozen

The wind speed sensor was frozen to a stopped posiiton; wind speed data is incorrect.

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• Resultant wind speed(res_ws)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Resultant wind speed(res_ws)