NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - itermittant IRT bias

A problem with the SKYRAD IRT that itermittantly produced a gradual increase in the sky 
temperature measurement then a sudden correction, as compared to AERI, appears to have been 
caused by a combination of a failing IR detector, a poor signal cable, a contaminated 
(with condensation or frost) mirror or lens, and low ambient temperatures. The positive 
bias was apparently not consistant in either frequency or duration but on days when the 
unusual behavior is observed, it usually occurred from about 00:00 to 06:00 local time. 

The instrument was repaired and recalibrated and the signal cable replaced.

• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sky_ir_temp_min)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sky_ir_temp_max)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Standard Deviation(sky_ir_temp_std)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - All 10m level Data Missing

After prolonged power outage and many power spikes during the outage all data from the 10m 
level are missing.  Blown fuse on the power supply was replaced once the temperatures 
warmed enough to allow the lowering of the tower carriages.

• 10m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP10M_AVG)
• 10m Average QLI Reference Temperature(RefT10m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP10M_STD)
• 10m Average Relative Humidity(RH10M_AVG)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS10M_U_WVT)
• 10m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP10M_AVG)
• 10m Average QLI Input Voltage(Volt10M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD10M_SDU_WVT)
• 10m Average Temperature(T10M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Relative Humidity(RH10M_STD)
• 10m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS10M_S_WVT)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD10M_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Calculated Dew Point(DP10M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Temperature(T10M_STD)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Instrument problem, Contamination, False signal

Data in error due to heavy snow during blizzard conditions.

• Sonic Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(SonicWS_S_WVT)
• Sonic Vector Averaged Wind Direction(SonicWD_DU_WVT)
• Average Y Component of Sonic Wind Speed(SonicY_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of Sonic Vector Averaged Wind Direction(SonicWD_SDU_WVT)
• Average Sonic Static Speed of Sound(SonicS_AVG)
• Sonic Vector Averaged Wind Speed(SonicWS_U_WVT)
• Average X Component of Sonic Wind Speed(SonicX_AVG)

NSA/GNDRAD/C2 - Incorrect calibration coefficients applied to upwelling(Gndrad)PIR

An insitu test comparing the Gndrad PIR and the Gndrad IRT at the NSA was performed from 6 
Jan 2005 to 12 Jan 2005.  The radiometer mentor requested the Eppley single calibration 
coefficient for the PIR replace the 4 coefficients method developed by NREL.  The Grndrad 
PIR compared closer to the Gndrad IRT during this period. However, the radiometer mentor 
believes the 4 coefficient PIR irradiance measurements remains superior to the single 
coefficient Eppley PIR measurement method.  Further questions should be directed to the 
radiometer instrument mentor.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer,
  Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer,
  Standard Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer,
  Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH data intermittently poor

CMH aspirator fan intermittently failed causing higher than actual 
             temperature and dew point readings.

• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)
• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - Tower Lowered

The tower was lowered to install the GroundMFR.  Data from the T/RH probes and the wind 
speed and direction sensors are not representative during the time period.

• Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WinSpeed_U_WVT)
• 5m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP5m_AVG)
• Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WinSpeed_S_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WinDir_SDU_WVT)
• Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WinDir_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 5m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP5m_STD)
• 2m Average Temperature(T2m_AVG)
• 5m Average Temperature(T5m_AVG)
• 5m Average Relative Humidity(RH5m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 5m Calculated Dew Point(DP5m_STD)
• 5m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP5m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 5m Relative Humidity(RH5m_STD)
• 2m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2m_AVG)
• 2m Average Relative Humidity(RH2m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Relative Humidity(RH2m_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Dew Point(DP2m_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2m_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 5m Temperature(T5m_STD)
• 2m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP2m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Temperature(T2m_STD)

NSA/SONDE/C1 - Bad temperature

Because of strong winds, the radiosonde hit the ground after launch and the temperature 
sensor broke.  The RH and pressure data also should be considered suspect.

• surface wind speed(wspd)
• Wind Direction(deg)
• Ascent Rate(asc)
• Dry-Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• model meridional wind velocity(v_wind)
• Time offset from base_time(base_time)
• pressure at constant pressure surface(pres)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)
• model zonal wind velocity(u_wind)
• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)
• Wind Status(wstat)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Incorrect Maximum for Precip Values

The max values for cumulative rain sum of 99 mm and the rain rate of 999 mm/hr are 
incorrect.  In communication with the manufacturer it has been found that the manual was in 
error.  The actual max values of the cumulative rain sum is 99.99 mm and the rain rate is 
999.99 mm/hr.

• Precipitation Rate(PcpRate)
• Cumulative Water Sum(CumH2O)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - Incorrect Maximum for Precip Values

The max values for cumulative rain sum of 99 mm and the rain rate of 999 mm/hr are 
incorrect.  In communication with the manufacturer it has been found that the manual was in 
error.  The actual max values of the cumulative rain sum is 99.99 mm and the rain rate is 
999.99 mm/hr.

• Precipitation Rate(PCPRate)
• Cumulative Water Sum(CumH2O)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - CMH Data Missing During Calibration

The CMH was removed for it's bi-annual cleaning and calibration.

• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Datalogger grounding problem

Both PIRs reported unreasonable high readings with coincident low reading from the IRT. 
Since both PIR instruments exhibited exactly the same behaviour and the IRT an opposite 
response during large suspect data excursions this indicates that the false signal maybe the 
result of poor grounding. 

The PIR1,2 data and the IRT data are most adversely affected.  During the problem periods 
PIR irradiance increased (typ pos 200-300W/m2) while the IRT response was negative (typ 
neg 20-30W/m2) but followed the response of the PIR.  The Skyrad shortwave instruments 
were also affected but to much less extent (within their uncertainties).  Data quality flags 
are typically not triggered during these problem periods.

Data logger grounding was improved on 6/10 2005.  The problem hasn't re-occurred since 
that time.

• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Unshaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_unshaded_case_resist)
• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile Voltage, Shaded Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded_tp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_dome_resist)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Ultraviolet Biometer Temperature(inst_down_uvb_temp)
• Instantaneous PIR2 case thermistor(pir2_case_therm)
• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Ultraviolet Irradiance, UV Biometer(inst_down_uvb_irradiance)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Unshaded Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_hemisp_unshaded_tp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• Instantaneous PIR2 dome thermistor(pir2_dome_therm)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Unshaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_unshaded_dome_resist)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Instantaneous PIR1 case thermistor(pir1_case_therm)
• Instantaneous UVB temperature(uvb_temp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• Instantaneous UVB uncorrected irradiance(uvb_uncorr_irradiance)
• Instantaneous PIR2 uncorrected irradiance(pir2_uncorr_irradiance)
• Instantaneous PIR1 uncorrected irradiance(pir1_uncorr_irradiance)
• Instantaneous PIR1 dome thermistor(pir1_dome_therm)
• Time offset from base_time(base_time)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• IRT1 minimum(irt1_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Time offset from base_time(base_time)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• UVB minimum(uvb_min)
• PIR shaded minimum(pirs_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sky_ir_temp_max)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)
• Internal voltage(internal_voltage)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max)
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer(down_uvb)
• IRT1 maximum(irt1_max)
• Internal Logger Temperature(logger_temp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std)
• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• NIP maximum(nip_max)
• PIR shaded maximum(pirs_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• PSP shaded minimum(psps_min)
• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• UVB mean(uvb_mean)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Maxima(down_uvb_max)
• NIP minimum(nip_min)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Standard Deviation(sky_ir_temp_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer(short_direct_normal)
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Minima(down_uvb_min)
• UVB standard deviation(uvb_sd)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)
• PIR shaded standard deviation(pirs_sd)
• PIR shaded mean(pirs_mean)
• NIP standard deviation(nip_sd)
• NIP mean(nip_mean)
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Standard Deviation(down_uvb_std)
• PSP shaded mean(psps_mean)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sky_ir_temp_min)
• UVB maximum(uvb_max)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• PSP shaded standard deviation(psps_sd)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_unshaded)
• IRT1 standard deviation(irt1_sd)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_min)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• PSP shaded maximum(psps_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)
• IRT1 mean(irt1_mean)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std)

• Time offset from base_time(base_time)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)
• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyrheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)
• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Sky/Cloud Infrared(inst_sky_ir_signal)
• Time offset from midnight of date of file. For CO data, this is identical to
  time_offset and is included for compatibility.(time)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH mirror dirty

The CMH mirror was in need of cleaning.  The data is suspect from 05/28/05 through 
07/04/05 as intermittently poor readings occurred.  After 07/04/05 the data was incorrect as the 
mirror was excessively dirty.

• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)
• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Power Disconnected Briefly

Power to the Tip tower and Groundrad was disconnected briefly while ground resistance 
measurements were made. 

The following comments are from Inst. Mentor Tom Stoffel: 

The longwave and shortwave irradiances from GNDRAD were not effected by the
temporary power disconnect.  Data are good.  This would have only stopped
the ventilators for a brief time and the data do not show any signs of poor
instrument responses.

The "sfc_ir_temp" data were, however, impacted during the brief (2
readings?) interval.

• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• External voltage(external_voltage)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - Tower Lowered, Data Not Representative

The tower was lowered to remove equipment.  The data from the wind sensors and T/RH probes 
were not representative.

• Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WinSpeed_U_WVT)
• 5m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP5m_AVG)
• Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WinSpeed_S_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WinDir_SDU_WVT)
• Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WinDir_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 5m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP5m_STD)
• 2m Average Temperature(T2m_AVG)
• 5m Average Temperature(T5m_AVG)
• 5m Average Relative Humidity(RH5m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 5m Calculated Dew Point(DP5m_STD)
• 5m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP5m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 5m Relative Humidity(RH5m_STD)
• 2m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2m_AVG)
• 2m Average Relative Humidity(RH2m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Relative Humidity(RH2m_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Dew Point(DP2m_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2m_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 5m Temperature(T5m_STD)
• 2m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP2m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Temperature(T2m_STD)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Tower Maintenance

The booms of the tower were lowered for sensor replacement, calibration, and tower 
maintenance.  During the maintenance and sensor replacement data are frequently missing.  Where 
data are available, they are not or may not be representative because the booms were at 
the base of the tower during the time period listed.

The chilled mirror measurements were not affected by the maintenance.

• Standard Deviation of 40m Temperature(T40M_STD)
• 15 minute Present Weather Code(PwCod15mi)
• 20m Average Temperature(T20M_AVG)
• Sonic Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(SonicWS_S_WVT)
• 40m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD40M_DU_WVT)
• 20m Average Relative Humidity(RH20M_AVG)
• Sonic Vector Averaged Wind Direction(SonicWD_DU_WVT)
• 2m Average Temperature(T2M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Temperature(T20M_STD)
• 2m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP2M_AVG)
• 10m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP10M_AVG)
• 20m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP20M_AVG)
• Average Sonic Static Speed of Sound(SonicS_AVG)
• Cumulative Water Sum(CumH2O)
• 40m Average QLI Reference Temperature(RefT40M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Calculated Dew Point(DP20M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 40m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP40M_STD)
• 1 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis1mi)
• 2m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Dew Point(DP2M_STD)
• 10m Average QLI Reference Temperature(RefT10m_AVG)
• 2m Average Relative Humidity(RH2M_AVG)
• 2m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS2M_U_WVT)
• 10m Average Relative Humidity(RH10M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of Sonic Vector Averaged Wind Direction(SonicWD_SDU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Temperature(T2M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 40m Calculated Dew Point(DP40M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP20M_STD)
• 10m Average Temperature(T10M_AVG)
• 1 hour Present Weather Code(PwCod1hr)
• 2m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS2M_S_WVT)
• 20m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD20M_DU_WVT)
• Cumulative Snow Sum(CumSnow)
• 40m Average Relative Humidity(RH40M_AVG)
• Average Y Component of Sonic Wind Speed(SonicY_AVG)
• 10m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS10M_S_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 40m Relative Humidity(RH40M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Calculated Dew Point(DP10M_STD)
• Present Weather Sensor Alarm(PWSAlarm)
• 20m Average QLI Input Voltage(Volt20M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD2M_SDU_WVT)
• 40m Average QLI Reference Voltage(Volt40M_AVG)
• Instant Present Weather Code(InstPwCod)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Relative Humidity(RH20M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Relative Humidity(RH2M_STD)
• 2m Average QLI Input Voltage(Volt2M_AVG)
• 20m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP20M_AVG)
• 40m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS40M_S_WVT)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS10M_U_WVT)
• 40m Average Temperature(T40M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD10M_SDU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Relative Humidity(RH10M_STD)
• 40m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS40M_U_WVT)
• Precipitation Rate(PcpRate)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Temperature(T10M_STD)
• Average X Component of Sonic Wind Speed(SonicX_AVG)
• 10m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP10M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP10M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 40m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD40M_SDU_WVT)
• 2m Average QLI Reference Temperature(RefT2M_AVG)
• 20m Average QLI Reference Temperature(RefT20M_AVG)
• 10m Average QLI Input Voltage(Volt10M_AVG)
• 20m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS20M_U_WVT)
• 20m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS20M_S_WVT)
• 2m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD2M_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD20M_SDU_WVT)
• 10 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis10m)
• 40m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP40M_AVG)
• 40m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP40M_AVG)
• Sonic Vector Averaged Wind Speed(SonicWS_U_WVT)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD10M_DU_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH and PWS data missing

The CMH and PWS data are missing and unrecoverable.  A GFCI was tripped causing a loss of 
power to these sensors.   The CMH came back online at 1916 GMT and the PWS came back 
online at 1918 GMT.

• 15 minute Present Weather Code(PwCod15mi)
• 1 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis1mi)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)
• Instant Present Weather Code(InstPwCod)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• 1 hour Present Weather Code(PwCod1hr)
• Cumulative Snow Sum(CumSnow)
• 10 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis10m)
• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Precipitation Rate(PcpRate)
• Cumulative Water Sum(CumH2O)
• Present Weather Sensor Alarm(PWSAlarm)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH Data Missing

Data from CMH was missing due to a corroded RS-232 9-Pin connector.

• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)
• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 2m wind Direction Sensor Failed

The 2m cup wind direction flat lined at 236 degrees.  Sensor failed.

• Standard Deviation of 2m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD2M_SDU_WVT)
• 2m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS2M_U_WVT)
• 2m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD2M_DU_WVT)
• 2m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS2M_S_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Data 1-minute behind

Data from the Barometer, Chilled Mirror Hygrometer and the Present Weather Sensor were 
one-minute behind due to timing problems collecting data from the Serial Data Multiplexer 
that handled these sensors.

• 15 minute Present Weather Code(PwCod15mi)
• 1 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis1mi)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)
• Instant Present Weather Code(InstPwCod)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• 1 hour Present Weather Code(PwCod1hr)
• Cumulative Snow Sum(CumSnow)
• 10 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis10m)
• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Precipitation Rate(PcpRate)
• Cumulative Water Sum(CumH2O)
• Present Weather Sensor Alarm(PWSAlarm)
• Atmospheric Pressure(AtmPress)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - IRT failure

The IRT failed and was replaced with a spare.

• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sky_ir_temp_min)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sky_ir_temp_max)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Standard Deviation(sky_ir_temp_std)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Reprocess: Wind direction data incorrect

Wind direction data is off by 30 degrees for all wind sensors.  The 40-m tower was 
misaligned to true north.

• 40m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD40M_DU_WVT)
• 2m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD2M_DU_WVT)
• 20m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD20M_DU_WVT)
• Sonic Vector Averaged Wind Direction(SonicWD_DU_WVT)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD10M_DU_WVT)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Instrument logger, possible gounding problem

Possible Skyrad datalogger grounding issues have re-appeared at NSA/C1 for only this short 
time period.  Anomalous data readings during the time range specified are similar to 
problem which occurred in early summer 2005.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• NIP maximum(nip_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• PIR shaded maximum(pirs_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• IRT1 minimum(irt1_min)
• PSP shaded minimum(psps_min)
• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• UVB mean(uvb_mean)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Maxima(down_uvb_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_std)
• NIP minimum(nip_min)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Standard Deviation(sky_ir_temp_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer(short_direct_normal)
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Minima(down_uvb_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• UVB standard deviation(uvb_sd)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• PIR shaded standard deviation(pirs_sd)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min)
• PIR shaded mean(pirs_mean)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• NIP standard deviation(nip_sd)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• NIP mean(nip_mean)
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer, Standard Deviation(down_uvb_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• PSP shaded mean(psps_mean)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• Time offset from base_time(base_time)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sky_ir_temp_min)
• UVB minimum(uvb_min)
• UVB maximum(uvb_max)
• PIR shaded minimum(pirs_min)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• PSP shaded standard deviation(psps_sd)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sky_ir_temp_max)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_unshaded)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)
• Internal voltage(internal_voltage)
• IRT1 standard deviation(irt1_sd)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Downwelling Ultra-Violet Irradiance, UV Biometer(down_uvb)
• IRT1 maximum(irt1_max)
• PSP shaded maximum(psps_max)
• Internal Logger Temperature(logger_temp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)
• IRT1 mean(irt1_mean)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std)

• Time offset from base_time(base_time)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)
• north latitude for all the input platforms.(lat)
• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyrheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)
• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Sky/Cloud Infrared(inst_sky_ir_signal)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• Time offset from midnight of date of file. For CO data, this is identical to
  time_offset and is included for compatibility.(time)
• east longitude for all the input platforms.(lon)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Reprocess: Incorrect datalogger program affecting PIR1 and PIR2 
downwelling longwave

The excitation delays using in measuring the PIR1 case thermistor commonly named "Case1" 
and the PIR2 dome thermistor called "Dome2" were discovered to have been incorrectly set 
to 0 in the Skyrad datalogger program when the new CR23X based Skyrad loggers were 
installed.  The result of no delay in these measurements results in an error in the measured 
resistance of the thermistors, Case1 and Dome2 and thus the calculated PIR1 and PIR2 
irradiances.  The errors are inversely proportial to temperature.

Users can apply the temperature dependent irradiance corrections shown in the table below. 
 Recall that the reported uncertainty of PIRs is typically +-.25% to +-.5% or 1 to 2 
W/m2.  The error corrections become the same order of magnitude or larger than the 
instrument uncertainties at or below 260K or 9F. 

Correction Table for Skyrad (TWP and NSA) DIR1 and DIR2 Irradiance				
	DIR1	DIR1	DIR2	DIR2
T[F]	Tcase[K]	Correction[W/m2]	Tdome[K]	Correction[W/m2]
109.4	316.13	0.00	316.13	0.00
100.5	311.20	-0.15	311.20	0.12
93.2	307.14	-0.12	307.14	0.10
87.0	303.70	-0.10	303.70	0.08
81.6	300.70	-0.17	300.70	0.14
77.0	298.15	-0.22	298.15	0.18
59.4	288.35	-0.34	288.35	0.27
47.4	281.72	-0.23	281.72	0.18
38.5	276.74	-0.42	276.74	0.34
31.3	272.77	-0.48	272.77	0.38
25.4	269.48	-0.61	269.48	0.49
20.3	266.67	-0.67	266.67	0.54
16.0	264.25	-0.82	264.25	0.66
12.1	262.11	-0.98	262.11	0.79
8.7	260.19	-0.97	260.19	0.78
5.6	258.46	-1.07	258.46	0.86
2.7	256.89	-1.17	256.89	0.94
0.1	255.44	-1.33	255.44	1.07
-2.3	254.11	-1.41	254.11	1.13
-4.5	252.87	-1.43	252.87	1.15
-6.6	251.71	-1.52	251.71	1.22
-8.5	250.63	-1.63	250.63	1.31
-10.4	249.62	-1.73	249.62	1.39
-12.2	248.58	-1.79	248.58	1.44
-15.4	246.82	-1.93	246.82	1.55
-18.3	245.23	-2.05	245.23	1.65
-20.9	243.78	-2.22	243.78	1.78
-23.3	242.44	-2.36	242.44	1.89
-25.5	241.21	-2.58	241.21	2.07
-27.5	240.07	-2.65	240.07	2.13
-29.5	239.01	-2.75	239.01	2.21
-31.3	238.00	-3.02	238.00	2.42

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)

NSA/SKYRAD/C2 - Reprocess: Incorrect datalogger program affecting PIR1 and PIR2 
downwelling longwave

The excitation delays using in measuring the PIR1 case thermistor commonly named "Case1" 
and the PIR2 dome thermistor called "Dome2" were discovered to have been incorrectly set 
to 0 in the Skyrad datalogger program when the new CR23X based Skyrad loggers were 
installed.  The result of no delay in these measurements results in an error in the measured 
resistance of the thermistors, Case1 and Dome2 and thus the calculated PIR1 and PIR2 
irradiances.  The errors are inversely proportial to temperature.

Users can apply temperature dependent irradiance corrections shown in the table below.  
Recall that the reported uncertainty of PIRs is typically +-.25% to +-.5% or 1 to 2 W/m2.  
The error corrections become the same order of magnitude or larger than the instrument 
uncertainties at or below 260K or 9F.

Correction Table for Skyrad (TWP and NSA) DIR1 and DIR2 Irradiance				
	DIR1	DIR1	DIR2	DIR2
T[F]	Tcase[K]	Correction[W/m2]	Tdome[K]	Correction[W/m2]
109.4	316.13	0.00	316.13	0.00
100.5	311.20	-0.15	311.20	0.12
93.2	307.14	-0.12	307.14	0.10
87.0	303.70	-0.10	303.70	0.08
81.6	300.70	-0.17	300.70	0.14
77.0	298.15	-0.22	298.15	0.18
59.4	288.35	-0.34	288.35	0.27
47.4	281.72	-0.23	281.72	0.18
38.5	276.74	-0.42	276.74	0.34
31.3	272.77	-0.48	272.77	0.38
25.4	269.48	-0.61	269.48	0.49
20.3	266.67	-0.67	266.67	0.54
16.0	264.25	-0.82	264.25	0.66
12.1	262.11	-0.98	262.11	0.79
8.7	260.19	-0.97	260.19	0.78
5.6	258.46	-1.07	258.46	0.86
2.7	256.89	-1.17	256.89	0.94
0.1	255.44	-1.33	255.44	1.07
-2.3	254.11	-1.41	254.11	1.13
-4.5	252.87	-1.43	252.87	1.15
-6.6	251.71	-1.52	251.71	1.22
-8.5	250.63	-1.63	250.63	1.31
-10.4	249.62	-1.73	249.62	1.39
-12.2	248.58	-1.79	248.58	1.44
-15.4	246.82	-1.93	246.82	1.55
-18.3	245.23	-2.05	245.23	1.65
-20.9	243.78	-2.22	243.78	1.78
-23.3	242.44	-2.36	242.44	1.89
-25.5	241.21	-2.58	241.21	2.07
-27.5	240.07	-2.65	240.07	2.13
-29.5	239.01	-2.75	239.01	2.21
-31.3	238.00	-3.02	238.00	2.42

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH Data Not Representative

The intake of the CMH was blocked with hoar frost.  The temperatures measured by the 
chilled mirror and the temperature probe were not representative of the ambient conditions as 
a result.  The RH data calculated from these values is incorrect also.

• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)
• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - power outage affecting some GNDRAD sensors

During the power outage the upwelling global measurement from the PSP instrument shows a 
slight increase from -5 to +0 W/m2.  This is due to removal of thermal offsets induced by 
the AC heater during the power outage.  This heater is installed within the PSP 
ventilator - it is necessary for the NSA/C1 climate.
The upwelling longwave PIR instrument is unaffected due to case and dome temperature 
corrections.
The IRT is AC powered and was not operational during this time period.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Surface Infra-Red Signal(inst_sfc_ir_signal)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Standard Deviation(up_short_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(up_short_hemisp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Power outage affecting some SKYRAD instruments

During the power outage the downwelling global measurement from the PSP instrument and 
downwelling diffuse 8-48 instrument shows a slight increase from -5 to +0 W/m2.  This is due 
to removal of thermal offsets induced by the AC heater during the power outage.  This 
heater is installed within the PSP ventilator - it is necessary for the NSA/C1 climate.
The downwelling longwave PIR instrument is unaffected due to case and dome temperature 
corrections.
The IRT is AC powered and was not operational during this time period.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)
• Instantaneous Sky/Cloud Infrared(inst_sky_ir_signal)
• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH Data missing

CMH dew point and temp data was missing. Since Dew Point and Temp data missing RH% value = 
100% during outage.  Corrosion on power plug was athe problem.

• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)
• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Instrument noise

Skyrad data appears affected by noise creating bias in analog voltage readings on 
02/15/2006 from 1300-1800GMT and again on 02/16/2006 from 1300-1500GMT.  The second night the 
noise is attenuated significantly.  By 02/17 no bias/noise is detectable. The thermistor 
measurements in PIR1 and PIR2 were unaffected during these excursions and showed no 
deviation from normal during the problem period.  In addition, the onboard logger temperature and 
battery voltage read normal throughout.  The problem has not reappeared as of 4/25/2006.

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sky_ir_temp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sky_ir_temp_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Standard Deviation(sky_ir_temp_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer(short_direct_normal)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Sky/Cloud Infrared(inst_sky_ir_signal)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Hemispheric Shortwave, Unshaded Pyranometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_global)
• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyrheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)
• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse, Shaded Pyranometer
  Thermopile Voltage(inst_diffuse)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Ultrasonic Wind Sensor Values Incorrect

The values collected from the ultrasonic wind sensor were intermittently incorrect.  Heavy 
wet snow during blizzard condition was interfering with the ultrasonic readings.

• Sonic Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(SonicWS_S_WVT)
• Sonic Vector Averaged Wind Direction(SonicWD_DU_WVT)
• Average Y Component of Sonic Wind Speed(SonicY_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of Sonic Vector Averaged Wind Direction(SonicWD_SDU_WVT)
• Average Sonic Static Speed of Sound(SonicS_AVG)
• Sonic Vector Averaged Wind Speed(SonicWS_U_WVT)
• Average X Component of Sonic Wind Speed(SonicX_AVG)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - PWS data missing due to blizzard

PWS was offline and data was missing.  A blizzard consisting of heavy wet snow and strong 
winds caused snow impaction in the optics.  The PWS reported missing data as it was 
unable to measure anything meaningful.

• 15 minute Present Weather Code(PwCod15mi)
• 1 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis1mi)
• Instant Present Weather Code(InstPwCod)
• 1 hour Present Weather Code(PwCod1hr)
• Cumulative Snow Sum(CumSnow)
• 10 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis10m)
• Precipitation Rate(PcpRate)
• Present Weather Sensor Alarm(PWSAlarm)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - Wind speed values artificially low

Wind speed values were artificially low due to snow/ice accumulation on the anemometer 
cups during blizzard conditions.  The heaters on the cups were not able to keep up with 
conditions.

• Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WinSpeed_U_WVT)
• Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WinSpeed_S_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - CMH Data incorrect

CMH data was incorrect due to blockage of intake by heavy, wet snow during blizzard 
conditions.

• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - PWS data incorrect

The Present Weather Sensor measurement optics were blocked by heavy, wet snow during 
blizzard conditions.

• 1 hour Present Weather Code(PWCod1hr)
• Cumulative Snow Sum(CumSnow)
• 10 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis10m)
• Present Weather Sensor Alarm(PWSAlarm)
• Precipitation Rate(PCPRate)
• Instant Present Weather Code(InstPWCod)
• Cumulative Water Sum(CumH2O)
• 15 minute Present Weather Code(PWcod15mi)
• 1 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis1mi)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 2m Wind Speed Artificially Low

The 2m wind speed values were artificially low due to snow impaction during a heavy 
blizzard.  The cup anemometer heaters could not keep up with the rapid deposition of snow.

• 2m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS2M_U_WVT)
• 2m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS2M_S_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH temp inaccurate

The CMH Temperature was consistently 4-7 degrees warmer than the 2M, 40M, 20M, and 10M 
temp. Intake fan failure; fan was replaced.

• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)
• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 10m Wind Speed Low

The 10m wind speed values are too low due to ice accumulation on the cup anemometer.

• 10m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS10M_S_WVT)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS10M_U_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 10m Wind Speed Intermittently Low

The 10m wind speeds are intermittently too low due to ice accumulation on the cup 
anemometer.

• 10m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS10M_S_WVT)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS10M_U_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 40m Wind Speeds Intermittently Low

The 40m wind speed values were too low due to ice accumulation on the cup anemometer.

• 40m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS40M_U_WVT)
• 40m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS40M_S_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 20m Wind Speeds Intermittently Low

The 20m wind speeds were artificially low due to ice accumulation on the cup anemometer.

• 20m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS20M_U_WVT)
• 20m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS20M_S_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - CMH Intake Fan Failure

Intake fan failing causing poor readings from the CMH.

• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - CMH Data Suspect

CMH data was suspect due to incorrect intake fan installed.  Proper spares were not on 
hand.

• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - CMH Data Suspect

CMH data was suspect due to blockage of intake by snow.

• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH Data Missing

CMH data was missing due to it being removed for maintenance.

• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)
• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH Data Suspect

CMH data was suspect due to incorrect calibration caused by procedural errors.  The 
procedures were corrected and a new calibration completed.

• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)
• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Wind direction measurements suspect

20m wind direction standard deviation was 0 degrees for extended periods of time.  This 
suggests the wind vane was icing up.

• 20m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD20M_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 20m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD20M_SDU_WVT)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Reprocess: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003.  
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.                                                             
                The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place are 
being reprocessing to remove the calibration bias.  Note, this also affected standard 
deviation, maximum and minimum data fields.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)

NSA/SKYRAD/C2 - Reprocess: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003.  
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.                                                             
                The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place are 
being reprocessing to remove the calibration bias.  Note, this also affected standard 
deviation, maximum and minimum data fields.

• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Reprocess: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003.  
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.                                                             
                The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place are 
being reprocessing to remove the calibration bias.  Note, this also affected standard 
deviation, maximum and minimum data fields.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)

NSA/GNDRAD/C2 - Reprocess: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003.  
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.                                                             
                The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place are 
being reprocessing to remove the calibration bias.  Note, this also affected standard 
deviation, maximum and minimum data fields.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)

NSA/SKYRAD/C2 - Summer solstice shading of radiometers

On and around the summer solstice, the NIP (Direct Normal shortwave measurement) and PSP 
(global hemispheic shortwave measurement) radiometers are shaded by other instruments or 
support structures. Shading azimuths have been determined for this site.  The radiometer 
mentor suggests not using the data from the NIP and PSP radiometers when the sun is within 
the following azimuth bounds (typically from May 8th to August 5th of each year):
Instr   Obstruction   AzStart   AzEnd
NIP     rad table     356       17
PSP     mfrsr         341       353

Note: There are a number of objects near the NW,N and NE horizon that may affect sunrise 
data near the summer soltice.

• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• PSP shaded standard deviation(psps_sd)
• PSP shaded mean(psps_mean)
• NIP maximum(nip_max)
• NIP mean(nip_mean)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_short_hemisp)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• NIP minimum(nip_min)
• NIP standard deviation(nip_sd)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• PSP shaded minimum(psps_min)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer(short_direct_normal)
• PSP shaded maximum(psps_max)

NSA/SKYRAD/C1 - Summer solstice shading of radiometers

On and around the summer solstice, the NIP (Direct Normal shortwave measurement) and PSP 
(global hemispheic shortwave measurement) radiometers are shaded by other instruments or 
support structures.  Shading azimuths have been determined for this site.  The radiometer 
mentor suggests not using the data from the NIP and PSP radiometers when the sun is 
within the following azimuth bounds (typically from May 8th to August 5th of each year):
Instrmt Obstruction     AzStart     AzEnd     
NIP     rad table       346         358
NIP     met tower       13          15
PSP     mfrsr           6           16

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_short_hemisp)
• NIP maximum(nip_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• NIP standard deviation(nip_sd)
• NIP minimum(nip_min)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• PSP shaded maximum(psps_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer(short_direct_normal)
• NIP mean(nip_mean)
• PSP shaded minimum(psps_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• PSP shaded mean(psps_mean)
• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)
• PSP shaded standard deviation(psps_sd)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)

NSA/SONDE/C1 - Noisy/Unstable RH and dew point data

The RH readings during the first 8 minutes of this sounding include three apparently 
incorrect oscillations to near-zero values.  After checking the absolutely raw data, it seems 
as though this period was excessively noisy, resulting in many missing values.  The noise 
abatted and the remaining sounding values are valid.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

NSA/SONDE/C1 - Bad surface RH and temperature values

This is a subtle problem that might escape notice.  For the identified sonde launches, the 
ground station lost its signal between the time it was removed from the ground check set 
and the time it was launched.  As a result, the software, which automatically determines 
the launch time and surface conditions at time of launch mistakenly used values of 
temperature and RH representative of the ground check set and the GW rather than of the 
ambient conditions before launch.  The bad values influenced only the first few samples and the 
remainder of the sounding values are correct.  

A procedural problem was identified and corrected.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Dry-Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Reprocess: Barometric Data Changed from hPa to kPa

Barometric pressure data was converted from hPa to kPa in order to standardize the 
measurement units among ARM sites and to conform to accepted standard units determined by the 
scientific community.

• Atmospheric Pressure(AtmPress)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - Reprocess: Barometric Data Changed from hPa to kPa

Barometric pressure data was converted from hPa to kPa in order to standardize the 
measurement units among ARM sites and to conform to accepted standard units determined by the 
scientific community.

• Atmospheric Pressure(AtmPress)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Incorrect calibration coefficients

BarrowC1, Gndrad. On Aug 11th the PSP-US was changed out and the Campbell program was 
changed to reflect this.  However, an old program that uses the 4 coefficient PIR cal factors 
was used. The PIR-UIR was not changed out, however, the logger program coeffs reverted 
back to the 4 Coeffcients.  The Eppley PIR-UIR coefficients for this S/N 30168F3 are :  
K0=0.0, K1(aka k)=.25253, K2= 1.0, K3=-4, Kr=0.0.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile Voltage, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_hemisp_tp)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_dome_resist)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer,
  Standard Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• NET mean(net_mean)
• NET standard deviation(net_sd)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• Net Radiation, Standard Deviation(net_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer,
  Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• Net Radiation, Minima(net_min)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer,
  Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Net Radiation, Maxima(net_max)

• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile Voltage, Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_hemisp_tp)
• Instantaneous PIR1 uncorrected irradiance(pir1_voltage)
• Instantaneous PIR1 dome thermistor(pir1_dome_therm)
• Instantaneous PIR1 case thermistor(pir1_case_therm)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - CMH data missing and/or incorrect during maintenance.

CMH measured data was missing and the derived variables were incorrect due to routine 
maintenance.

• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - PWS data missing/incorrect due to maintenance.

Present Weather Sensor data was missing or incorrect due to maintenance activities 
repeated approximately daily as we were trying to correct another problem.

• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• 1 hour Present Weather Code(PWCod1hr)
• Cumulative Snow Sum(CumSnow)
• 10 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis10m)
• Present Weather Sensor Alarm(PWSAlarm)
• Precipitation Rate(PCPRate)
• Instant Present Weather Code(InstPWCod)
• Cumulative Water Sum(CumH2O)
• 15 minute Present Weather Code(PWcod15mi)
• 1 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis1mi)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - Met data incorrect due to tower being lowered for maintenance.

Data from the tower is not representative of local conditions due to the tower being 
lowered for radiometer change.  Sensors not attached to the tower such as the Present Weather 
Sensor, the Chilled Mirror Hygrometer and the Barometer were not affected.

• Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WinSpeed_U_WVT)
• 5m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP5m_AVG)
• Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WinSpeed_S_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WinDir_SDU_WVT)
• Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WinDir_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 5m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP5m_STD)
• 2m Average Temperature(T2m_AVG)
• 5m Average Temperature(T5m_AVG)
• 5m Average Relative Humidity(RH5m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 5m Calculated Dew Point(DP5m_STD)
• 5m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP5m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 5m Relative Humidity(RH5m_STD)
• 2m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2m_AVG)
• 2m Average Relative Humidity(RH2m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Relative Humidity(RH2m_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Dew Point(DP2m_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2m_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 5m Temperature(T5m_STD)
• 2m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP2m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Temperature(T2m_STD)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Present Weather Sensor data missing or incorrect due to calibration.

The Present Weather Sensor data was missing or incorrect due to calibration checks.

• 15 minute Present Weather Code(PwCod15mi)
• 1 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis1mi)
• Instant Present Weather Code(InstPwCod)
• 1 hour Present Weather Code(PwCod1hr)
• Cumulative Snow Sum(CumSnow)
• 10 minute Average Visibility(AvgVis10m)
• Precipitation Rate(PcpRate)
• Cumulative Water Sum(CumH2O)
• Present Weather Sensor Alarm(PWSAlarm)

NSA/SONDE/C1 - RH values offset due to error in ground check

Background: After installation of the latest software update , we began performing formal 
ground checks on RS92 radiosondes.  By comparing the radiosonde readings with reference 
values in a controlled environment, the ground check is intended to ensure that the 
radiosonde sensors are in calibration before launch.  The radisonde values during the ground 
check process are recorded automatically; the reference values are entered by the operator. 
 If the radiosonde readings vary from the reference values, the system 'corrects' the 
radiosonde values.  In the case of RH, the correction is applied as an offset (true RH = 
indicated RH + correction).

Problem: Some operators misunderstood the ground-check procedure and entered the 
radiosonde values of RH rather than the reference value (assumed 0%RH), thus, some soundings done 
during this period have RH values that are different from what they would be if the 
ground check procedure had been done correctly.

Consequence:  Because the RH corrections generally are small (averaging about 0.5% RH) and 
the precision of the reported RH data during this time period is 1% RH, some values will 
not be affected at all; others will be off by about 1% RH (still within the stated 
accuracy of the sensor).  Furthermore, because entering the radiosonde value as the reference 
value results in a near zero 'correction,' one may view these soundings as being done 
without the ground check correction.  Also note that the dew point value will be suspect as well.

I am attaching below a listing of the soundings that were affected during the indicated 
time period.  Users can see the magnitude of the problem and choose whether or not to apply 
an offset in RH.  Note that application of the offset to the processed RH data (in the 
netCDF file) will not have the same effect of applying the correction to the absolutely 
raw data (before processing), but the differences should be insignificant.  Also note that 
the corrections for each sounding are included in the netCDF header information.  These 
attributes are named 'humidity_correction' and 'humidity_correction_2'.  The values of RH 
indicated by the radiosonde while it is in the ground check set are in attributes 
'humidity_gc_sonde' and 'humidity_gc_sonde_2.'  There is an RH reading for each of the two RH 
sensors used in the RS92 radiosonde.

Here is the list - RH1 and RH2 are the radiosonde readings in the ground check set.  Ref 
is the reference value entered by the operator.  The correcte reference value should be 
0%.  To obtain an approximation to the RH value that would have been recorded if the ground 
check had been done properly, subtract the Ref value from the indicated RH.

 YYYYMMDD  HHMM  SerialNo     RH1     RH2     Ref
 20060713  0532  B1924431    0.30    0.20    0.30
 20060713  1751  B1854963    0.20    0.30    0.30
 20060714  0521  B1924425    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060714  1739  B1854206    0.30    0.30    0.30
 20060715  0522  B1715127    1.20    1.20    1.20
 20060715  1737  B1854966    0.60    0.60    0.60
 20060716  0508  B1715126    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060716  1732  B1844098    0.50    0.50    0.50
 20060717  0517  B1914170    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060718  0516  B1914173    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060720  0523  B1854149    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060721  0517  B1914153    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060722  0521  B1844097    1.00    1.10    1.10
 20060722  1730  B1914174    0.60    0.70    0.70
 20060723  0537  B1714439    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060723  1734  B1734155    0.50    0.50    0.50
 20060724  0529  B1134336    0.50    0.50    0.50
 20060725  0525  B1754099    0.60    0.70    0.70
 20060726  0541  B1844108    1.80    1.80    1.80
 20060727  0520  B1714382    0.70    0.80    0.70
 20060728  0531  B1854116    0.80    0.80    0.80
 20060729  0527  B1724027    1.00    1.00    1.00
 20060729  1726  B1714392    0.70    0.80    0.80
 20060730  0522  B1854100    0.70    0.80    0.80
 20060730  1724  B1854764    0.90    1.00    1.00
 20060731  0515  B1664086    0.90    0.80    0.90
 20060801  0520  B1724758    1.50    1.50    1.50
 20060801  1729  B1754116    1.10    1.10    1.10
 20060802  0518  B1724516    0.80    0.80    0.80
 20060803  0523  B1674148    0.80    0.80    0.80
 20060804  0532  B1754092    0.90    0.90    0.90
 20060804  1727  B1844117    3.50    3.50    3.50
 20060805  0531  B1714741    0.30    0.30    0.30
 20060805  1728  B1754098    0.30    0.30    0.30
 20060806  0528  B1844115    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060806  1728  B1914161    0.20    0.20    0.20
 20060807  0530  B1714549    0.30    0.30    0.30
 20060808  0517  B1844107    0.50    0.50    0.50
 20060808  1744  B1914166    0.20    0.20    0.20
 20060809  0527  B1914164    0.30    0.40    0.40
 20060809  1736  B1914163    0.30    0.30    0.30
 20060810  0521  B1914160    0.40    0.50    0.50
 20060810  1745  B1744671    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060811  0525  B1854965    0.50    0.50    0.50
 20060811  1753  B1724131    0.10    0.10    0.10
 20060812  0527  B1754104    0.50    0.50    0.50
 20060812  1740  B1854256    0.30    0.40    0.40
 20060813  0522  B1854240    0.30    0.40    0.40
 20060814  0525  B1714106    0.20    0.20    0.20
 20060814  1742  B1854106    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060815  0534  B1914169    0.50    0.60    0.60
 20060815  1734  B1854233    0.60    0.70    0.70
 20060816  0539  B1724791    0.20    0.20    0.20
 20060816  1732  B1914171    0.10    0.20    0.20
 20060817  0535  B1354283    0.10    0.10    0.10
 20060817  1740  B1354574    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060818  0516  B1354633    0.50    0.40    0.50
 20060818  1744  B1364673    0.20    0.20    0.20
 20060819  0538  B1364126    0.20    0.30    0.30
 20060819  1745  B1354598    0.50    0.60    0.60
 20060820  0532  B1354290    1.10    1.10    1.10
 20060820  1729  B1354317    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060821  0530  B1354545    0.60    0.70    0.70
 20060821  1728  B1354516    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060822  0524  B1354619    0.50    0.60    0.60
 20060822  1728  B1364377    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060823  0533  B1354309    0.30    0.30    0.30
 20060823  1730  B1354527    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060824  0533  B1354230    0.60    0.60    0.60
 20060824  1812  B1354587    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060825  0517  B1354614    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060825  1730  B1354630    0.60    0.60    0.60
 20060826  0537  B1334114    0.90    0.90    0.90
 20060826  1734  B1354246    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060827  0508  B1354534    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060827  1729  B1354618    0.60    0.60    0.60
 20060828  0517  B1354115    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060828  1738  B1354206    0.50    0.60    0.60
 20060829  0516  B1354617    0.50    0.60    0.60
 20060829  1717  B1354622    0.50    0.60    0.60
 20060830  0511  B1354314    0.40    0.50    0.50
 20060830  1732  B1354537    0.60    0.70    0.70
 20060831  1802  B1354239    0.60    0.80    0.80
 20060905  1724  B1354626    0.60    0.60    0.60
 20060906  0522  B1354525    0.60    0.80    0.80
 20060906  1734  B1354107    0.50    0.50    0.50
 20060907  0537  B1354543    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060907  1803  B1354586    0.80    0.80    0.80
 20060908  0531  B1354519    0.60    0.60    0.60
 20060908  1728  B1354224    0.60    0.60    0.60
 20060909  0534  B1354532    0.70    0.80    0.80
 20060909  1732  B1354513    0.80    0.90    0.90
 20060910  0516  B1354125    0.60    0.70    0.60
 20060910  1727  B1354110    0.40    0.50    0.50
 20060911  0528  B1354235    0.90    0.90    0.90
 20060911  1849  B1354514    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060912  0525  B1354124    0.60    0.70    0.70
 20060913  0534  B1344478    0.50    0.50    0.50
 20060914  0520  B1354226    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060915  0529  B1344459    0.40    0.50    0.50
 20060916  0532  B1344469    0.50    0.40    0.50
 20060916  1732  B1354106    0.50    0.60    0.60
 20060917  0527  B1354210    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060918  0533  B1354087    0.60    0.60    0.60
 20060919  0526  B1354097    0.70    0.50    0.60
 20060920  0516  B1344462    0.50    0.40    0.50
 20060920  1810  B1354536    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060921  0534  B1354112    0.50    0.60    0.60
 20060921  1800  B1344502    0.40    0.40    0.40
 20060922  0525  B1354531    0.70    0.80    0.80
 20060922  1736  B1354541    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060923  0519  B1354101    0.50    0.60    0.60
 20060923  1738  B1354576    0.70    0.50    0.70
 20060924  0536  B1354095    0.60    0.60    0.60
 20060925  0536  B1354098    0.60    0.60    0.60
 20060925  1755  B1354100    0.50    0.50    0.50
 20060926  0531  B1334691    0.70    0.70    0.70
 20060926  1742  B1354108    0.40    0.50    0.50

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

NSA/SONDE/C1 - Increased precision for alt, dp, pres, rh, tdry

The output precision of the following variables was increased 20060929:

   alt	changed from 1m to 0.1m
   dp	changed from 0.1degC to 0.01degC
   pres changed from 0.1 hPa to 0.01 hPa
   RH	changed from 1%RH to 0.01%RH
   tdry changed from .1degC to 0.01degC

Note that the increase in precision does not necessarily imply an increase
in accuracy.  Users are cautioned to continue to use their best scientific
judgement when using these or any other data.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Dry-Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• altitude above sea levelaltunits(alt)
• pressure at constant pressure surface(pres)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - All data from 10m Level Missing

The winch that lowers the tower booms failed.  Manual testing of the motor and winch 
allowed the booms to be lowered briefly and then raised back into position.  A heavy freezing 
rain/icing event added extra weight to the booms.  This extra weight was suspected as the 
cause as to why the 10m boom became disconnected.  After a new motor was installed and 
all booms were lowered and re-raised the 10m level came back on line.

• 10m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP10M_AVG)
• 10m Average QLI Reference Temperature(RefT10m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP10M_STD)
• 10m Average Relative Humidity(RH10M_AVG)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS10M_U_WVT)
• 10m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP10M_AVG)
• 10m Average QLI Input Voltage(Volt10M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD10M_SDU_WVT)
• 10m Average Temperature(T10M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Relative Humidity(RH10M_STD)
• 10m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS10M_S_WVT)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD10M_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Calculated Dew Point(DP10M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Temperature(T10M_STD)

NSA/SONDE/C1 - Incorrect surface values of T and RH

The radiosonde was launched too quickly after being removed from the ground check set.  As 
a result, the system did not equilibrate with the local ground conditions and the 
automatically entered surface values are incorrect.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Dry-Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Missing CMH data

CMH data are missing.  Corrosion in the serial data line connections caused a loss of 
communication with the CMH.

• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)
• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Saturation Vapor Pressure(SatVPCMH)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 10m level loss of power

The 10 meter instrument level lost power so all variables from this level are missing.

• 10m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP10M_AVG)
• 10m Average QLI Reference Temperature(RefT10m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP10M_STD)
• 10m Average Relative Humidity(RH10M_AVG)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Speed(WS10M_U_WVT)
• 10m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP10M_AVG)
• 10m Average QLI Input Voltage(Volt10M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD10M_SDU_WVT)
• 10m Average Temperature(T10M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Relative Humidity(RH10M_STD)
• 10m Arithmetic Mean Wind Speed(WS10M_S_WVT)
• 10m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD10M_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Calculated Dew Point(DP10M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 10m Temperature(T10M_STD)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 2m T/RH probe aspirator fan failed

The aspirator fan for the 2m level T/RH probe failed.  This caused higher than normal 
readings for temp and RH and artificially smoothed the data.

• 2m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Dew Point(DP2M_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Relative Humidity(RH2M_STD)
• 2m Average Relative Humidity(RH2M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2M_STD)
• 2m Average Temperature(T2M_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Temperature(T2M_STD)
• 2m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP2M_AVG)

NSA/SONDE/C1 - RH sensor failure

It appears that one of the two RH sensors on this radiosonde was affected by ice after 
emerging from a low cold cloud.  As a result the reported RH values oscillate by about 10 
percent until the alternate heating cycle stops.  I suspect the lower value is more close 
to correct, but can't be absolutely sure.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

NSA/METTWR/C2 - 2m Temp/RH sensor blocked with snow

The 2m RH, Dew Point and Vapor Pressure values are incorrect due to the intake of the 
aspirated shield being blocked with snow and ice.  The RH% values are artificially larger 
than the 5m and Chilled Mirror values.

• 2m Average Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Relative Humidity(RH2m_STD)
• 2m Average Relative Humidity(RH2m_AVG)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Dew Point(DP2m_STD)
• Standard Deviation of 2m Calculated Vapor Pressure(VP2m_STD)
• 2m Average Calculated Dew Point(DP2m_AVG)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - Wind direction sensor frozen

After a power outage the 40m wind direction sensor was frozen.  Data from this sensor was 
not representative of the true winds.

• 40m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD40M_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 40m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD40M_SDU_WVT)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - CMH Sensor Calibrated Incorrectly

The CMH temp and DP were higher than the co-located T/RH probe at the 2m level.  An 
incorrect calibration along with a failing thermistor caused the readings to be incorrect for 
both measured values Temp and Dew Point.

• Chilled Mirror Calculated Vapor Pressure(VPCMH)
• Chilled Mirror Calculated Relative Humidity(CMHRH)
• Chilled Mirror Dew Point(CMHDP)
• Chilled Mirror Temperature(CMHTemp)

NSA/SONDE/C1 - Incorrect surface RH value

For an unknown reason the surface RH was reported a 0%.  Becuase these values are entered 
automatically by the system, this is NOT likely an operator error.  Examination of the 
raw data shows that the surface RH at launch time was approximately 81.2 %RH.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

NSA/METTWR/C1 - 40m Wind Direction Data Suspect

The 40m wind direction data was suspect due to icing on the vane or a failing shafter 
heater or a combination of both.  The affected data can be easily seen on comparison plots 
with other levels data or by checking the standard deviation of the 40m wind direction.  
Any standard deviation of less than 0.10 degrees for the 40m level suggest a sluggish/ice 
affected sensor.

• 40m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD40M_DU_WVT)
• Standard Deviation of 40m Vector Averaged Wind Direction(WD40M_SDU_WVT)