TWP/SKYRAD/C1  - IRT failure

A moisture related fault was found in the IRT cable after a day of very heavy rain. The 
cable was replaced but the internal power supply was apparently damaged. The instrument was 
replaced with a spare IRT.

• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sky_ir_temp_min)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sky_ir_temp_max)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Standard Deviation(sky_ir_temp_std)

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - IRT damaged

The analog output of the IRT was damaged by a lightning strike. The problem was corrected 
by replacing the instrument with a spare. The damaged IRT was returned to the vendor for 
repair.

• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sky_ir_temp_min)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Standard Deviation(sky_ir_temp_std)

• Instantaneous Sky/Cloud Infrared(inst_sky_ir_signal)

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - IRT power

The IRT failed to report after a planned power outage to add lightning protection modules 
to the AC power wiring. The problem was corrected when a loose power connection to the 
logger was found, rectified, and power restored to the logger.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - Tracker stopped

Solar Tracker stopped and had to be repowered

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_unshaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer(short_direct_normal)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Unshaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_unshaded_min)

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - Solar Tracker locking at solar noon

The Scitech solar tracker from SGP that was installed on 2005-12-01 after the previous 
tracker was damaged by lightning on 2005-11-14 has been hanging up every day at solar noon.  
In Feb, the sun moved from south to north and the Scitech tracker does not seem to be 
able to deal with this. During this period the operators power cycled the tracker between 
05:00Z and 10:00Z almost every day and data from around solar noon (03:30Z) until the 
power cycle are unusable for the measurements that use the tracker (NIP, B&W Diffuse, and 
shaded PIRs).
The problem was corrected when the Scitech tracker was replaced by a Brusag
tracker on 2006-03-10.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Maxima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer(down_short_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer(short_direct_normal)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer(down_long_hemisp_shaded)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_short_hemisp_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(down_long_hemisp_shaded2)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_short_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_min)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Minima(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Standard
  Deviation(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_std)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer,
  Standard Deviation(down_short_diffuse_hemisp_std)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer2, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded2_max)
• Downwelling Shortwave Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyranometer(down_short_diffuse_hemisp)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(down_long_hemisp_shaded1)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer, Minima(down_long_hemisp_shaded_min)
• Downwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Ventilated Pyrgeometer, Maxima(down_short_hemisp_max)
• Downwelling Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Shaded Pyrgeometer1, Maxima(down_long_hemisp_shaded1_max)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)

• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_shaded1_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded2_tp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile Voltage, Shaded Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded_tp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer2(inst_down_long_shaded2_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Shaded Pyrgeometer1(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded1_tp)

TWP/SONDE/C2  - Broken temperature sensor

The temperature sensor on this radiosonde broke after launch.  All the temperature-related 
data are incorrect.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Dry-Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C2  - Broken temperature sensor

The temperature sensor on this radiosonde broke after launch.  All the temperature-related 
data are incorrect.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Dry-Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C2  - Bad RH in lower 8km

It appears that the RH sensor heating circuit failed during this sounding.  The RH 
oscillates rapidly between low (~0 %RH) and not so low (ambient %RH) and the oscillation seems 
to stop when the temperature is below ~35 degC.  According to Vaisala these are symptoms 
of failure in the ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) that controls the heating.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

TWP/SMET/C3 - ORG data noisy due to degraded ground

SMET Rain Data began to be noisy during December 2005 and the problem slowly became worse 
over time so that in February 2006 the ORG was reporting with a constant background value 
of around 0.10 mm/hr rain rate.  ORG voltage showed a near constant value above the 85mV 
threshold.  The ground for the ORG had become degraded and was lost due to corrosion.

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Reprocess: Windspeed2 calibration error

The lower anemometer was replaced afer being removed in anticipation of cyclone Monica. 
The calibration coefficient was not changed during this period so the wind speeds are a 
little low (0.2%).

• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - IRT failed

The IRT began to fail on 4/7/2006 and failed completely (apparently due to the internal 
power supply) on 4/27. It was replaced on 5/18.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Upper wind speed sensor failure

The upper wind speed sensor was binding at low wind speeds.  Comparison to the lower wind 
sensor showed that the upper sensor flat-lines for long periods of time.  The upper 
anemometer was replaced.

• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Temp/RH probe failure

Temperature/RH probe failed and was replaced.

• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Temperature standard deviation(temp_sd)
• Min Temperature at lowest Model Level- 1 hr(temp_min)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Max Temperature at lowest Model Level- 1 hr(temp_max)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Anemometer Readings Incorrect

The Anemometer readings were incorrect due to the tower being lowered for maintenance.

• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)

TWP/SKYRAD/C2 - IRT signal loss

There was a significant drop in logger voltage that corresponds with a loss of the IR 
temperature. This was possibly due to a loose connection.

• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sky_ir_temp_min)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sky_ir_temp_max)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Standard Deviation(sky_ir_temp_std)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Barometric Data Changed from hPa to kPa

Barometric pressure data was converted from hPa to kPa in order to standardize the 
measurement units among ARM sites and to conform to accepted standard units determined by the 
scientific community.

• Atmospheric pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Reprocess: Barometric Data Changed from hPa to kPa

Barometric pressure data was converted from hPa to kPa in order to standardize the 
measurement units among ARM sites and to conform to accepted standard units determined by the 
scientific community.

• Atmospheric pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Reprocess: Barometric Data Changed from hPa to kPa

Barometric pressure data was converted from hPa to kPa in order to standardize the 
measurement units among ARM sites and to conform to accepted standard units determined by the 
scientific community.

• Atmospheric pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/GNDRAD/C3 - IRT bias

The IRT reported higher surface temperatures than the PIR due to corrosion on the 
terminals of the lightning protection module and a ground wire error. The corrosion was cleaned 
and the wiring corrected.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the TWP.C1 SMET suite of instruments on 20061017. 
 Effective 20060926, two new variables (count and rain amount) were added to the end of 
the twpsmet60sC1.b1 datastream.  Between 9/26 and 10/17, the data for these two variables 
are filled with zeros.  Users should not use the data during this period as the zeros 
are not representative of the rain fall at the site.  When reprocessing of this datastream 
occurs these variables will be added for the 19961009-20060926 and data from 
19961009-20061017 will be filled with -9999 (missing).

• Time offset from base_time(base_time)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the TWP.C2 SMET suite of instruments on 20061129. 
Effective 20060926, two new variables (count and rain amount) were added to the end of 
the twpsmet60sC2.b1 datastream.  Between 9/26 and 11/29, the data for these two variables 
are filled with zeros.  Users should not use the data during this period as the zeros are 
not representative of the rain fall at the site.  When reprocessing of this datastream 
occurs these variables will be added for the 19981021-20060926 and data from 
19981021-20061129 will be filled with -9999 (missing).

• Time offset from base_time(base_time)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the SMET suite of instruments effective 20060926. 
 Two new variables (count and rain amount) were added at the end of the twpsmet60sC1.b1 
datastream.  When reprocessing of this datastream occurs these variables will be added 
with -9999 (missing) as the value for dates prior to gauge installation.

• Time offset from base_time(base_time)

TWP/SKYRAD/C2 - IRT signal

The IRT exhibited a bias of the analog voltage output that caused problems with the 
signals from the other SKYRAD radiometers. The bias was due to corrosion between the power and 
signal connections in the IRT cable. The IRT was disconnected on 10/18/2006 at 01:20 and 
replaced on 11/6/2006 at 23:00 but it too appeared to have grounding problems due to 
internal corrosion and was disconnected on 11/11/2006 at 11:42 and then intermittently 
reconnected for testing. A second spare was installed on 12/4/2006 which did not cause problems 
with the signals from the other instruments.

• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sky_ir_temp_min)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sky_ir_temp_max)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Standard Deviation(sky_ir_temp_std)

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - NIP Failure

Skyrad normal incident shortwave irradiance (NIP) started reporting impossible values for 
direct normal irradiance starting 16 November approx 2100GMT corresponding to a rain 
event at the same time.

The NIP was replaced fixing the problem.

Direct normal data are not recoverable.  However, the NIP data can be calculated from the 
global hemsipherical shortwave and global hemispherical diffuse datastreams by using the 
following relationship:
Global Horizontal = Direct Normal x cos(Z) + Diffuse Horizontal 
where Z is the zenith angle.

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer(short_direct_normal)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)

• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyrheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)

TWP/SKYRAD/C3 - NIP instrument failure

The NIP (Short Direct Normal) was replaced after it displayed symptoms of failure 
associated with either unknown precipitation related issues or a possible lightning strike.

NIP data are not recoverable.  Direct normal data can be reconstructed from global 
hemispheric and global diffuse data using the following relationship:
   global hemispheric = direct*cos(sza) + diffuse hemispheric

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer(short_direct_normal)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)

• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyrheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)

TWP/GNDRAD/C2 - IRT signal

When the other GNDRAD radiometers were replaced on 12/3/2006, the quality of the IRT 
signal began to degrade until 12/26 when it became unusable. The instrument was replaced on 
2/4/2007.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)

TWP/SKYRAD/C2 - Short direct normal

The short_direct_normal (NIP) data are missing or incorrect due to instrument cable 
failure.  The cable was replaced.

The short_direct_normal can be calculated using the following relationship for shortwave 
radiometers:
global hemispheric = diffuse hemispheric + direct normal *cos (zenith angle)

• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Standard Deviation(short_direct_normal_std)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Maxima(short_direct_normal_max)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer, Minima(short_direct_normal_min)
• Shortwave Direct Normal Irradiance, Pyrheliometer(short_direct_normal)

• Instantaneous Direct Normal Shortwave Irradiance, Pyrheliometer Thermopile
  Voltage(inst_direct_normal)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Barometer Data Incorrect

The barometer data was incorrect or missing due to water intrusion.

• Atmospheric pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Data Incorrect Due to Water Intrusion

Data became erratic and unreasonable after water intrusion into the enclosure.

• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Relative humidity mean(relh_mean)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Min Temperature at lowest Model Level- 1 hr(temp_min)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Max Temperature at lowest Model Level- 1 hr(temp_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Temperature standard deviation(temp_sd)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Surface Temperature Incorrect

The first two temperature values in the datafile are incorrect.  It appears that the 
observer mis-typed the surface temperature as -27 instead of +27.  The next value was 8 which 
is also incorrect and was caused by the system interpolating from the incorrect surface 
value and what the sonde temperature sensor was reading.

• Dry-Bulb Temperature(tdry)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Surface RH value incorrect

The surface RH value was incorrect.  It appears the observer mis-typed 70 instead of 80.  
This error also caused the dew point temperature to be incorrect.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Surface RH value incorrect

The surface RH was reproted as 78%.  The value should have been in the low 50's.  It 
appears the observer did not allow the sonde to equilibrate to ambient conditions before 
taking the reading.  This error also caused an incorrect dew point.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C1 - Surface RH value incorrect

The surface RH value of 77% when the value should have been in the low 60's.  It appears 
the observers did not allow the sonde to equilibrate to ambient conditions before 
collecting the surface data.  This error also caused the dew point to be incorrect.

• Surface dew point temperature(dp)
• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Surface RH Value incorrect

The surface value entered by the observers for RH (96%) is incorrect.  At the ascent time 
listed in the .ptu file the readings by the Sonde were around 65%.  This low RH value is 
supported by the nearby SMET tower RH reading of 71.8%.  This also caused the surface dew 
point to be incorrect.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Surface RH too high

The surface Rh was entered as 94%.  The ascent time has 72% and this value is supported by 
RH values from the nearby SMET system.  This error also will affect the dew point.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)

TWP/SKYRAD/C2 - IRT calibration

The IRT was not properly calibrated and was not able to measure sky temperatures below 
273.2 K. (This instrument was the same one damaged by lightning in November 2005 in Darwin. 
It was returned for repair and received a new lens but was calibrated only down to 0 deg 
C, so the problem was neither detected nor repaired.) The IRT was replaced on 2/22/2007.

• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sky_ir_temp_min)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sky_ir_temp_max)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Sky/Cloud Infra-Red Temperature Standard Deviation(sky_ir_temp_std)

TWP/GNDRAD/C2 - Reprocess: IRT calibration

The configuration of the IRT was set to that used at TWP/C3. This caused the calibration 
of the data to be wrong. It was corrected by reconfiguring the IRT to match the datalogger 
program.
   
These data can be reprocessed and corrected by adding 10K, i.e. sfc_ir_temp(new) = 
sfc_ir_temp(old) + 10K.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Broken temperature sensor at launch

Temperature sensor broken at launch.  All thermodynamic values are incorrect.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)
• Wind Direction(deg)

TWP/SONDE/C2 - Broken temperature sensor at launch

The temperature sensor on this radiosonde broke after launch.  All the temperature-related 
data are incorrect.

• Relative humidity scaled, by total column amount from MWR(rh)
• Dry-Bulb Temperature(tdry)
• Surface dew point temperature(dp)