TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Skewed wind direction 1 data

Wind direction 1 data is incorrect. 
Manus SMET wind direction for Wind-1 (upper unit) was apparently skewed
from its original position as a result of checking direction calibration. 

As near as we can tell the position of the sensor was rotated clockwise
Somewhere in the range of 45-90 degrees, most likely in steps 22.5 degrees.

Data comparison performed on 3-2-00, using a small amount of data from 
this instrument.

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Wind Direction alignment method

During RESET10 we discovered a problem with wind direction from WIND1 (upper
anemometer).  During RESET8, WIND1 was corrected by rotating the alignment
ring instead of the anemometer.  This resulted in a better agreement between
the 2 anemometers, but is not the correct way to align an anemometer. The
alignment ring was readjusted for true north and the anemometer reset in
the proper slot (the original problem).

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)

TWP/C2/SMET Wind Speeds

Beginning on December 24, Anemometer #1 (there are two anemometers on
the SMET stand) occasionally reported wind speed values that were low
relative to the other sensor.  It is clear from the data that the low
reading here is the anomalous one.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)

TWP/C2/SMET Wind Speeds

Beginning on December 24, Anemometer #1 (there are two anemometers on
the SMET stand) occasionally reported wind speed values that were low
relative to the other sensor.  It is clear from the data that the low
reading here is the anomalous one.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)

TWP/C2/SMET Winds Speeds

Beginning on December 24, Anemometer #1 (there are two anemometers on
the SMET stand) occasionally reported wind speed values that were low
relative to the other sensor.  It is clear from the data that the low
reading here is the anomalous one.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)

TWP/C2/SMET Temperature spike

There was a brief -4 C spike in the temperature at approximately
21.5 Z on December 3.  This spike also showed up in the vapor pressure
which is calculated from the temperature and relative humidity.

• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)

• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)

TWP/C2/SMET - Pressure sensitivity to rain

The pressure behaves anomalously during rain events - even very mild
ones.  Normally, the pressure undergoes a smooth semi-diurnal
oscillation with little higher frequency variability.  However, during
and shortly after rain events, the pressure signal exhibits abrupt
changes - this sort of behavior has occasionally been observed at
Manus but not with the regularity seen here.  Examples of this
behaviour occur on (date in the form YYYYMMDD):

19981212
19981215
19981216
19981217
19981223
19981224
19981225
19981230
19981231

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)

• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Incorrect calibration for ARCS1 Wind speed

On 23 OCT 99, during Reset 8, an incorrect slope of was entered for the 
upper, windspeed1, wind speed sensor resulting in a 1% overestimate of
the wind speed.  The correct calibration was entered on 1 APR 2000 during
RESET 10.

• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Periodic spikes in temperature and water vapor pressure

Beginning on 980212 (day #43) spikes began to occur in the surface
temperature and water vapor pressure.  These spikes occur approximately
once per hour (the spacing is very regular but occasionally an hour
is skipped).  In the one-minute averaged data, the temperature spike
lasts for only one minute and dips approximately 4-5 C below the actual
temperature.  The one-minute standard deviation is more dramatic, rising
from about 0.1 to about 35.  The one minute temperature minimum is the
most easily identifiable, each hour when the spike occurs, the minimum
is -245.84.  The vapor pressure mean jumps from about 30 to over 50 and
the standard deviation jumps from less than 1 to more than 200.  This
problem was fixed by the RESET team on 980501.

• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)

• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Elevated relative humidity

The relative humidity has been exceeding 100% with unusual regularity.
The most dramatic case occured on December 31 when the RH exceeded 100%
for 18 hours and exceeded 103.5% for 6 hours with a maximum value of
103.8%.  A PIF was submitted to propose changing this sensor. This change
occurred on August 12, 1999.

• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)

• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)

TWP/SMET/C1 - C1 TWP  Wind speed calibration factor problem/ Wind1

Wind speed calibration factors were reversed between wind speed sensor 1 and 2.
Results in less than 1% error, but correction factors may be used.

• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)

• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)

TWP/SMET/C1 - C1 SMET Incorrect wind speed calibration factors

Wind speed calibration factors were reversed between wind speed sensors 1 and 2.  Error 
results in less than a 1% error in wind speed.  A correction factor may be used.

• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)

• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)

TWP/SMET/C1 - precip, wind, temperature

On 10/23/01 from 4:45 to 6:45 precipitation, wind, and temperature measurements were 
directly affected by RESET14 visit activities.

• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)

TWP/SMET/C2 - RH Sensor bad at Nauru

RH sensor bad from 16 Dec 2001 03 GMT to 3 Jan 2002

• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)

• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Sensor replacement

On 10/24/01 from 00:40 to 01:00 the T/RH probe was being replaced.

• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)

• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)

TWP - Switch to new Data Header Formats not timely

On April 1, 2001 at 00:00:00 new data header with consistent variable naming
conventions, etc were to be used for all sites, all data streams.  At the TWP
sites the time of the movement to the new convention did not occur precisely at 00:00:00.  
The following data files contain between 40 seconds and 20 minutes of data from 4/1/02 
in the old format.  The delayed format change did not affect data quality in any way.

twpgndrad60sC2.a1.20010401.000000.cdf
twpgndrad60sC2.b1.20010401.000000.cdf
twpmfrsrC2.a0.20010401.000000.cdf
twpmfrsrC2.b1.20010401.000000.cdf
twpskyrad20sC2.a1.20010401.000001.cdf
twpsmet60sC1.a1.20010401.000001.cdf
twpsmet60sC1.b1.20010401.000001.cdf
twpsmet60sC2.a1.20010401.000000.cdf
twpsmet60sC2.b1.20010401.000000.cdf

• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• lon(lon)
• lat(lat)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• base time(base_time)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)

• lat(lat)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile Voltage, Shaded Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_hemisp_shaded_tp)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Instantaneous PIR1 dome thermistor(pir1_dome_therm)
• Instantaneous PIR2 case thermistor(pir2_case_therm)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Ultraviolet Biometer Temperature(inst_down_uvb_temp)
• Instantaneous UVB temperature(uvb_temp)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Shaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_shaded_case_resist)
• Instantaneous PIR1 uncorrected irradiance(pir1_uncorr_irradiance)
• Instantaneous PIR1 case thermistor(pir1_case_therm)
• Instantaneous PIR2 dome thermistor(pir2_dome_therm)
• Instantaneous UVB uncorrected irradiance(uvb_uncorr_irradiance)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance, Unshaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_unshaded_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance, Unshaded
  Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_unshaded_case_resist)
• base time(base_time)
• lon(lon)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Instantaneous PIR2 uncorrected irradiance(pir2_uncorr_irradiance)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Instantaneous Uncorrected Downwelling Ultraviolet Irradiance, UV Biometer(inst_down_uvb_irradiance)
• Instantaneous Downwelling Pyrgeometer Thermopile, Unshaded Pyrgeometer(inst_down_long_hemisp_unshaded_tp)

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• IRT1 standard deviation(irt1_sd)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Net Radiation, Maxima(net_max)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Net Radiation, Minima(net_min)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• lon(lon)
• Net Radiation(net)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• IRT1 maximum(irt1_max)
• IRT1 minimum(irt1_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lat(lat)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Net Radiation, Standard Deviation(net_std)
• base time(base_time)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_short_hemisp_std)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(up_short_hemisp)
• NET standard deviation(net_sd)
• IRT1 mean(irt1_mean)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• NET mean(net_mean)

• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• base time(base_time)
• Direct Normal Broadband Irradiance(direct_normal_broadband)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance (Approximate), MFRSR(hemisp_broadband)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Fields flagged by callang:\n,(callang_flags)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 6(direct_normal_narrowband_filter6)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 4(direct_normal_narrowband_filter4)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 2(direct_normal_narrowband_filter2)
• Detector Temperature(head_temp)
• Datalogger Supply Voltage(logger_volt)
• MFRSR Detector Temperature(mfrsr_temp)
• Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, MFRSR(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband)
• Hemispheric Irradiance, MFRSR(hemisp_narrowband)
• lon(lon)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 1(direct_normal_narrowband_filter1)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• lat(lat)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 3(direct_normal_narrowband_filter3)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Direct Normal Broadband Irradiance (Approximate), MFRSR\n,(direct_norm_broadband)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 5(direct_normal_narrowband_filter5)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Cosine of Solar Zenith Angle(cosine_solar_zenith_angle)
• Direct Normal Irradiance, NIMFR(direct_norm_narrowband)
• Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, MFRSR(diffuse_hemisp_broadband)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• base time(base_time)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• lat(lat)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• lon(lon)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)

• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 1(direct_normal_narrowband_filter1)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Direct Normal Broadband Irradiance(direct_normal_broadband)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Direct Normal Irradiance, NIMFR(direct_norm_narrowband)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• MFRSR Detector Temperature(mfrsr_temp)
• Fields flagged by callang:\n,(callang_flags)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Direct Normal Broadband Irradiance (Approximate), MFRSR\n,(direct_norm_broadband)
• Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance (Approximate), MFRSR(total_hemisp_broadband)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 6(direct_normal_narrowband_filter6)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 4(direct_normal_narrowband_filter4)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, MFRSR(diffuse_hemisp_broadband)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 2(direct_normal_narrowband_filter2)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• base time(base_time)
• Hemispheric Irradiance, MFRSR(hemisp_narrowband)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Cosine of Solar Zenith Angle(cosine_solar_zenith_angle)
• lon(lon)
• Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, MFRSR(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband)
• Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance (Approximate), MFRSR(hemisp_broadband)
• lat(lat)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Detector Temperature(head_temp)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 5(direct_normal_narrowband_filter5)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 3(direct_normal_narrowband_filter3)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Datalogger Supply Voltage(logger_volt)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• lon(lon)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• lat(lat)
• NET mean(net_mean)
• Net Radiation, Standard Deviation(net_std)
• IRT1 maximum(irt1_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)
• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(up_short_hemisp)
• IRT1 minimum(irt1_min)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• base time(base_time)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• Net Radiation(net)
• IRT1 mean(irt1_mean)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_short_hemisp_std)
• NET standard deviation(net_sd)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Net Radiation, Minima(net_min)
• Net Radiation, Maxima(net_max)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• IRT1 standard deviation(irt1_sd)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)

• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• lon(lon)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• lat(lat)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• base time(base_time)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)

• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• base time(base_time)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• lat(lat)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• lon(lon)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)

• Total Horizontal Irradiance, 862 nm(tot6)
• Hemispheric Broadband Irradiance (Approximate), MFRSR(hemisp_broadband)
• Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance, Broadband Solar(dif1)
• Datalogger Supply Voltage(logger_volt)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance, 500 nm(dif3)
• Detector Temperature(head_temp)
• Direct-normal Irradiance, 610 nm(dirn4)
• Direct-normal Irradiance, 862 nm(dirn6)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 2(direct_normal_narrowband_filter2)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, MFRSR(diffuse_hemisp_broadband)
• Fields flagged by callang:\n,(callang_flags)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 5(direct_normal_narrowband_filter5)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Total Horizontal Irradiance, Broadband Solar(tot1)
• Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance, 415 nm(dif2)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 6(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter6)
• Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance, 862 nm(dif6)
• Total Horizontal Irradiance, 500 nm(tot3)
• Direct-normal Irradiance, 500 nm(dirn3)
• Total Horizontal Irradiance, 665 nm(tot5)
• Direct Normal Broadband Irradiance(direct_normal_broadband)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 1(direct_normal_narrowband_filter1)
• Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance, 610 nm(dif4)
• Direct-normal Irradiance, 665 nm(dirn5)
• Datalogger supply voltage(supply_voltage)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 3(direct_normal_narrowband_filter3)
• Detector Temperature(detector_temp)
• base time(base_time)
• Direct-normal Irradiance, 940 nm(dirn7)
• Total Horizontal Irradiance, 940 nm(tot7)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 2(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter2)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 4(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter4)
• Narrowband Diffuse Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 5(diffuse_hemisp_narrowband_filter5)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 1(hemisp_narrowband_filter1)
• lon(lon)
• Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance, 665 nm(dif5)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 4(direct_normal_narrowband_filter4)
• Narrowband Direct Normal Irradiance, Filter 6(direct_normal_narrowband_filter6)
• Narrowband Hemispheric Irradiance, Filter 3(hemisp_narrowband_filter3)
• Direct-normal Irradiance, 415 nm(dirn2)
• lat(lat)
• Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance, 940 nm(dif7)
• Total Horizontal Irradiance, 610 nm(tot4)
• Direct-normal Irradiance, Broadband Solar(dirn1)
• Total Horizontal Irradiance, 415 nm(tot2)

TWP/C2  Installation

The Nauru ARCS was installed during the period September-November
1998.  Data were being collected by the end of October, but for the
first several weeks of November, the site was undergoing considerable
change, so data from that period should be used with caution.  The
official site dedication occured on November 20.  Most on-site
activity ended following the dedication so we will consider November
20 to be the beginning of the Nauru operations.  The last members of
the installation team left Nauru on November 24.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• base time(base_time)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• lat(lat)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• lon(lon)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)

• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• base time(base_time)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• lat(lat)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• lon(lon)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)

TWP/C1 - Incorrect elevation reported in Manus Data

(From Bill Clements) We have been using 6m MSL as the station
elevation of Momote (Manus).  This was based on information
posted near the station barometer in the Momote Weather Service
Office.  It turns out that the official WMO station elevation
for Momote is 4m MSL and the upper air elevation is 5m MSL.

All Manus instruments except the sonde station are at 4m MSL.
The sonde launching station is at 5m MSL.

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

TWP/MET/C3 - WIND DIRECTION SENSOR #2 MISALIGNED

Wind direction sensor #2 was misaligned and off by 15 degrees.

• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)

• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Temperature Sensor Failed, Data Missing

The T/RH sensor on Nauru failed and was replaced (only the temperature sensor failed).

• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)

• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Intermittent Pressure Sensor Failure

The Barometric Pressure sensor was intermittently failing at TWP site C3 Darwin.  At times 
there were large pressure fluctuations occurring on the order of 24 mb in a few minutes. 
 Times of large pressure fluctuations are readily apparent in the data.  At these times 
the data should be carefully analyzed before determining it's usefulness.  In between the 
periods of large fluctuations the readings appear to be stable.  It is still suggested 
that independent pressure data be obtained for comparison before use.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Miscalibrated windspeed2 data

A replacement anemometer (WSP2) was installed but the new anemometer calibration 
coefficients were not put into the logger. The multiplication factor was 0.09708 when it should 
have been 0.09763 (very small difference)the offset was 0.36 when it should have been 0.3 
(a difference 0.06 m/s).

• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)

• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Wind Speed #2 incorrect

Wind Speed #2 sensor was reporting values 10 times above the actual value.  During an 
update to the logger configuration file the calibration multiplier was incorrectly entered.  
The multiplier inserted was .97630 when it should have been .09763.  This caused the 
readings from this sensor to be incorrect.

• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)

• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)

TWP/SMET/C2 -  WIND SENSOR #1 (HIGHER) INOPERATIVE

Wind speed sensor #1 (higher sensor) failed.  Wind speeds were reported as 0 m/s and wind 
direction data was not in agreement with wind sensor #2. Anemometer was replaced.

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Data reported at 15sec rather than 60s intervals

Data in these data streams should be reports at 60sec intervals, but
the logger program running during this time had the interval set to
15s.  Users will have to average the 15sec data to get 60sec data.

• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• base time(base_time)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• lat(lat)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• lon(lon)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)

• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• lon(lon)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• lat(lat)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• base time(base_time)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Tower Lowered for Cal Activities

Tower lowered for instrument calibration

• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Wind Sensor failure

Wind sensor #2 (lower one) failed.  Wind direction showed little or
no variation, unlike the colocated sensor #1.  This caused lower
wind speed values as the sensor was not rotating properly to orient
itself parallel to the wind stream.  The sensor was replaced.

• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Poor Performing Sensor

On 4/23/2004 condensation was found inside the target area of the ORG lens. A spare was 
sent and installed but did not solve the problem of high background voltage values causing 
rainrate values to be recorded during no rainfall.  Values range anywhere from 0.06 to 
0.12 mm/hr.  

A new Optical Rain Gage was installed on 01/19/2005 @ 13:30 GMT alleviating the high 
background voltage values that lead to consistent rainfall rates of around 0.11 to 0.15 mm/hr 
on a consistent basis.  

The formula used to calculate rainfall rates from the new Optical Rain Gage is:  RR 
(mm/hr) = 25(V^1.87) - 0.15.

Older model formula = 20(V^2) - 0.05

The two formulas result in comparable data.

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Rain blocked pressure port

Atmospheric pressure values were suspect due to anomolous readings during heavy rain 
events.  Suspect blockage of port due to rainfall.  New logger and enclosure corrected problem.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Data missing due to Logger Change

All Data from this site are missing during this time period due to a change of the 
collection system, logger and enclosure.  Data resumed after change.

• External voltage(external_voltage)
• lat(lat)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• base time(base_time)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• lon(lon)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)

TWP/SMET/C2 - All data missing due to logger change

All data are missing at this site during this time period due to collection system, logger 
and enclosure change.  Data resumed after change.

• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• base time(base_time)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• lon(lon)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• lat(lat)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)

TWP/SMET/C2 - connection and timing issues with new logger

Atmospheric pressure data are intermittent during this time period due to connection 
problems and program timing issues with new logger installation.  Data resumed normal 
operations after this time period.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Negative rainfall rates

Due to limitations of the Zeno dataloggers all voltage measurements
from the optical rain gauge (ORG) were converted to rainfall rates. 
This resulted in negative values for rain rates.  Any value below
0.10 mm/hr should be considered to be 0 mm/hr.  New dataloggers 
alleviated this problem.

• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Negative rainfall rates

Due to limitations of the Zeno dataloggers all voltage measurements
from the optical rain gauge (ORG) were converted to rainfall rates. 
This resulted in negative values for rain rates.  Any value below
0.10 mm/hr should be considered to be 0 mm/hr.  New dataloggers 
alleviated this problem.

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)

TWP/SMET/C1 - RESET14 activities

RESET14 activities may have affected data in subtle ways during this
period.

• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)

• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Incorrect rainrate equation used.

There are two different Optical Raingages in use at the TWP sites.  The incorrect equation 
was used at this site.  The incorrect equation is (25*(V^1.87)) - 0.15.
The correct equation is (20*(V^2)) - 0.05.  The correct equation was installed.

• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Incorrect rainrate equation used

There are two different Optical Raingages in use at the TWP sites.  The incorrect equation 
was used at this site.  The incorrect equation is (25*(V^1.87)) - 0.15.
The correct equation is (20*(V^2)) - 0.05.  The correct equation was installed.

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Data non-representative

Tower mast was lowered for inspection.  Data during this time is non-representative.

• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Instrument failure

Upper wind sensor failed. Wind direction was reported at a near constant value of 69 
degrees and was significantly different than the lower wind sensor's direction values. Sensor 
replaced.

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Upper wind sensor failure

After replacement on 03/03/2005 the upper wind sensor began reporting erroneous values 
again on 03/09/2005 becoming very apparent after 03/17/2005.  Wind speed data appears 
reasonable but the wind direction data do not agree well with the lower wind sensor.

• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Instrument logger problem, Sensor failure

The wind_lower direction sensor failed on 4/14 and disagrees significantly with the 
wind_upper direction.  The wind_lower sensor reports a constant value around 0-15 degrees since 
it failed.  Testing showed that excitation channel two on the logger was the problem.  
Logger was replaced by spare.

• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Negative rainfall rates

Due to limitations of the Zeno dataloggers all voltage measurements
from the optical rain gauge (ORG) were converted to rainfall rates. 
This resulted in negative values for rain rates.  Any value below 0.10 mm/hr should be 
considered to be 0 mm/hr.  New dataloggers 
alleviated this problem.  New loggers were installed 03/09/2004 @ 2243 GMT.

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)

TWP/SMET/C2 - RH failure

The RH values were frequently over MAX value of 104% starting on 7/10/2005 through end of 
period.  Sensor was replaced.

• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Data not representative

Tower was lowered for radiometer change and characterization.  Wind, temp and RH data not 
representative of local conditions.

• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Towrr lowered for sensor comparisons, data not representative

The tower was lowered for radiometer change and comparisons.  During the time period the 
data listed was not representative.

• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Instrument maintenance

Instrument calibration and testing were taking place for brief periods.

• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)

TWP/SMET/C2 - ORG data incorrect

Data from the ORG was incorrect due to heavy condensation on the lens.

• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Tower down for calibration activities

Tower lowered, wind vanes spun at different frequencies, and ORG tested with electronic 
rain.

• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Upper wind sensor failure

A lightning strike destroyed the upper (#1) wind sensor.

• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)

TWP/SMET/C3 - RH Values Artificially High

Lightning strike caused RH readings to be higher than reasonable (130%).

• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Instrument failure

A lightning strike caused a failure in the ORG.  Rainfall was being continually recorded.

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)

TWP/SMET/C3 - ORG data noisy due to degraded ground

SMET Rain Data began to be noisy during December 2005 and the problem slowly became worse 
over time so that in February 2006 the ORG was reporting with a constant background value 
of around 0.10 mm/hr rain rate.  ORG voltage showed a near constant value above the 85mV 
threshold.  The ground for the ORG had become degraded and was lost due to corrosion.

• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Reprocess: Windspeed2 calibration error

The lower anemometer was replaced afer being removed in anticipation of cyclone Monica. 
The calibration coefficient was not changed during this period so the wind speeds are a 
little low (0.2%).

• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Upper wind speed sensor failure

The upper wind speed sensor was binding at low wind speeds.  Comparison to the lower wind 
sensor showed that the upper sensor flat-lines for long periods of time.  The upper 
anemometer was replaced.

• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Temp/RH probe failure

Temperature/RH probe failed and was replaced.

• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Anemometer Readings Incorrect

The Anemometer readings were incorrect due to the tower being lowered for maintenance.

• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Barometric Data Changed from hPa to kPa

Barometric pressure data was converted from hPa to kPa in order to standardize the 
measurement units among ARM sites and to conform to accepted standard units determined by the 
scientific community.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Reprocess: Barometric Data Changed from hPa to kPa

Barometric pressure data was converted from hPa to kPa in order to standardize the 
measurement units among ARM sites and to conform to accepted standard units determined by the 
scientific community.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Reprocess: Barometric Data Changed from hPa to kPa

Barometric pressure data was converted from hPa to kPa in order to standardize the 
measurement units among ARM sites and to conform to accepted standard units determined by the 
scientific community.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the TWP.C1 SMET suite of instruments on 20061017. 
 Effective 20060926, two new variables (count and rain amount) were added to the end of 
the twpsmet60sC1.b1 datastream.  Between 9/26 and 10/17, the data for these two variables 
are filled with zeros.  Users should not use the data during this period as the zeros 
are not representative of the rain fall at the site.  When reprocessing of this datastream 
occurs these variables will be added for the 19961009-20060926 and data from 
19961009-20061017 will be filled with -9999 (missing).

• base time(base_time)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the TWP.C2 SMET suite of instruments on 20061129. 
Effective 20060926, two new variables (count and rain amount) were added to the end of 
the twpsmet60sC2.b1 datastream.  Between 9/26 and 11/29, the data for these two variables 
are filled with zeros.  Users should not use the data during this period as the zeros are 
not representative of the rain fall at the site.  When reprocessing of this datastream 
occurs these variables will be added for the 19981021-20060926 and data from 
19981021-20061129 will be filled with -9999 (missing).

• base time(base_time)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Reprocess: Tipping bucket rain gauge added

A tipping bucket rain gauge was added to the SMET suite of instruments effective 20060926. 
 Two new variables (count and rain amount) were added at the end of the twpsmet60sC1.b1 
datastream.  When reprocessing of this datastream occurs these variables will be added 
with -9999 (missing) as the value for dates prior to gauge installation.

• base time(base_time)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Barometer Data Incorrect

The barometer data was incorrect or missing due to water intrusion.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

TWP/SMET/C3 - Data Incorrect Due to Water Intrusion

Data became erratic and unreasonable after water intrusion into the enclosure.

• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)

TWP/SMET/C2 - Lower windspeed sensor questionable

Lower wind speed sensor had degraded bearings.  This sensor was reporting as much as 0.4 
m/s lower values than the upper sensors when the winds were 2 m/s or below.  The sensor 
was replaced.

• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)

TWP/SMET/C1 - Surface pressure spike

A spike occured in the surface pressure.  The reported pressure rose as
high as 1300 hPa but returned to normal levels after 15 minutes.

• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)

Calibration interruption at TWP Nauru

Occasional calibration interuption occured while calibration SMET instruments

• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• base time(base_time)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• lon(lon)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• lat(lat)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Wind #1 speed vector average(wind1_spd_vec_avg)
• Precipitation maximum(precip_max)
• Wind #1 direction standard deviation(wind1_dir_sd)
• Mean Air Temperature or Hardware Error(temp_mean)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Temperature maximum(temp_max)
• Wind #2 speed vector average(wind2_spd_vec_avg)
• Wind #1 speed maximum(wind1_spd_max)
• Wind #1 speed maximum gust(wind1_spd_max_gust)
• Wind #2 direction standard deviation(wind2_dir_sd)
• Wind #1 speed standard deviation(wind1_spd_sd)
• Relative humidity minimum(relh_min)
• Std Dev of Relative Humidity or Hardware Error Code(relh_sd)
• Wind #1 speed minimum(wind1_spd_min)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Precipitation mean(precip_mean)
• base time(base_time)
• Temperature minimum(temp_min)
• Vapor pressure standard deviation(vappress_sd)
• Wind #2 speed maximum(wind2_spd_max)
• Barometric Pressure(atmos_pressure)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Wind #1 direction vector average(wind1_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed maximum gust(wind2_spd_max_gust)
• Precipitation standard deviation(precip_sd)
• Wind #1 speed arithmetic average(wind1_spd_arith_avg)
• Wind #2 speed minimum(wind2_spd_min)
• precipitation minimum(precip_min)
• Relative humidity maximum(relh_max)
• Vapor pressure mean(vappress_mean)
• Mean Relative Humidity(relh_mean)
• lon(lon)
• Std Dev of Air Temperature(temp_sd)
• Wind #2 direction vector average(wind2_dir_vec_avg)
• Wind #2 speed arithmetic average(wind2_spd_arith_avg)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Wind #2 speed standard deviation(wind2_spd_sd)
• lat(lat)