SGP/EBBR/E13 - Data Missing Due to Power Failure

A power failure following a lightning strike to the central cluster
area resulted in the EBBR data being missing for this period of time.

• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• lat(lat)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• lon(lon)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• net radiation(q)
• Home signal(home)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• base time(base_time)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• lon(lon)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Battery(bat)
• lat(lat)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• base time(base_time)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Signature(signature)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)

• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• latent heat flux(e)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• lat(lat)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• net radiation(q)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• h(h)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• base time(base_time)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• lon(lon)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Data missing or corrupted

Data are missing or corrupted during this period due to a broken wire
on the solar panel that lowered the voltage to the system and maintenance
that took place from 1530 to about 2215 GMT.

• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• lat(lat)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• lon(lon)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• net radiation(q)
• Home signal(home)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• base time(base_time)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• lon(lon)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Battery(bat)
• lat(lat)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• base time(base_time)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Signature(signature)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)

• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• latent heat flux(e)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• lat(lat)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• net radiation(q)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• h(h)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• base time(base_time)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• lon(lon)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - failure of sensors

A lightning strike to the central cluster area shortly after 0800 GMT
on July 17 caused failure of several EBBR sensors: both humidity probes,
the barometer, soil heat flux #3, soil moisture # 1 and the wind
direction.
These failed sensors caused sensible, latent, and average soil heat flux
to be incorrect until site operations performed maintenance on July 24th.

Site Operations found a loose connection from soil moisture probe #1, 
removed barometer SN 6578 and replaced it with SN 6507, removed soil heat 
flux sensor #3 with SN 923022 and replaced it with SN 933199, repositioned 
the wind direction sensor - which was rotated approximately ninety degrees 
clockwise from its proper position, and removed the right humidity probe 
SN 460412 and replaced it with SN 460428.

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)

• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Failed Right Humidity Probe

A lightning strike to the central cluster area on 17 July 1995 caused
failure of several EBBR sensors including the right humidity probe.
On July 24th, site operations removed the right humidity probe SN 460412 and 
replaced it with SN 460428

In less than a day the right humidity probe output soared to over 113% and
has hovered around 112% since.  I consider all right probe values to be
incorrect due to this behavior.

Without a properly functioning right humidity probe, all values of top and
bottom relative humidity, top and bottom vapor pressure, Bowen
ratio, and latent and sensible heat fluxes are incorrect.

A working spare relative humidity probe was not available at that time.
The probe was replaced with a working, calibrated probe on 22 September 1995
at about 2108 GMT.  I have the examined the data since the day of the
replacement and find that the new probe is working well.  All E13 EBBR
measurements are presently correct.  The old probe S/N was 460428, the new
S/N is 460413.

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)

• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)

SGP/EBBR/E13- Left humidity probe replaced

A lightning strike to the central cluster area on 17 July 1995 caused the
left humidity probe to fail.  Some of the period of incorrect data has been
 discussed in D0000531.4.  The left humidity probe was replaced on 25 July 
1995 at 1925 GMT (old SN 460413, new SN 460435).

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)

• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)

SGP/SMOS/E8 - Reprocess: Wind speed calibration

EDITOR'S NOTE:  The earliest portion of the period of time covered 
by this DQR occurred prior to the begin date of regular ARM data.
Those data are not readily available from the ARM archive, but are
available upon request.  The actual period of time covered by this
DQR is 930403.0000-930811.1530.


Practically all of the information in this DQR is derived from
P930723.1 and C930830.1, both of which were submitted by Dick Hart. 

The calibrations initially used for wind speeds on SMOS systems at 
Coldwater (E8), Ashton (E9), the central faciality (E13), Ringwood (E15),
and Meeker (E20) were originally "generic"values, but analysis of the 
N.I.S.T traceable calibration data reveals that use of these "generic" 
calibrations produces data with insufficient accuracy. The calibrations 
for the wind speed sensor associated with the instrument must be used 
in the datalogger program in order to obtain data with a 1% uncertainty.
For the worst case, one wind speed sensor underestimates the wind speed 
by 1.1 m/s at 30 m/s when the "generic" calibration is used.  This is 
on top of the 1% calibration uncertainty.  

No unreported data loss occurred as a result of this calibration question, 
but users of the data should adjust the wind speed values before analysis 
involving these wind speed values.

• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

SGP/SMOS/E9 - Reprocess: Wind speed calibrations

EDITOR'S NOTE:  The earliest portion of the period of time covered
by this DQR occurred prior to the begin data of regular ARM data.
Those data are not readily available from the ARM archive but are
available upon request.  The actual period of time covered by this
DQR is 930331.0000-930823.2359.


Practically all of the information in this DQR is derived from
P930723.1 and C930830.1, both of which were submitted by Dick Hart. 

The calibrations initially used for wind speeds on SMOS systems at 
Coldwater (E8), Ashton (E9), the central faciality (E13), Ringwood (E15),
and Meeker (E20) were originally "generic"values, but analysis of the 
N.I.S.T traceable calibration data reveals that use of these "generic" 
calibrations produces data with insufficient accuracy. The calibrations 
for the wind speed sensor associated with the instrument must be used 
in the datalogger program in order to obtain data with a 1% uncertainty.
For the worst case, one wind speed sensor underestimates the wind speed 
by 1.1 m/s at 30 m/s when the "generic" calibration is used.  This is 
on top of the 1% calibration uncertainty.  

No unreported data loss occurred as a result of this calibration question, 
but users of the data should adjust the wind speed values before analysis 
involving these wind speed values.

• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

SGP/SMOS/E13 - Reprocess: Wind speed calibrations

EDITOR'S NOTE:  The earliest portion of the period of time covered
by this DQR occurred prior to the begin date of regular ARM data.
Those data are not readily available from the ARM Archive but are
available by special request.  The actual period of time covered
by this DQR is 930329.0000-930812.1430.


Practically all of the information in this DQR is derived from
P930723.1 and C930830.1, both of which were submitted by Dick Hart. 

The calibrations initially used for wind speeds on SMOS systems at 
Coldwater (E8), Ashton (E9), the central faciality (E13), Ringwood (E15),
and Meeker (E20) were originally "generic"values, but analysis of the 
N.I.S.T traceable calibration data reveals that use of these "generic" 
calibrations produces data with insufficient accuracy. The calibrations 
for the wind speed sensor associated with the instrument must be used 
in the datalogger program in order to obtain data with a 1% uncertainty.
For the worst case, one wind speed sensor underestimates the wind speed 
by 1.1 m/s at 30 m/s when the "generic" calibration is used.  This is 
on top of the 1% calibration uncertainty.  

No unreported data loss occurred as a result of this calibration question, 
but users of the data should adjust the wind speed values before analysis 
involving these wind speed values.

• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)

• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

SGP/SMOS/E15 - Reprocess: Wind speed calibrations

EDITOR'S NOTE:  The earliest portion of the period of time covered
by this DQR occurred prior to the begin date of regular ARM data.
Those data are not readily available from the ARM Archive but are
available by special request.  The actual period of time covered
by this DQR is 930401-930824.1530.

Practically all of the information in this DQR is derived from
P930723.1 and C930830.1, both of which were submitted by Dick Hart. 

The calibrations initially used for wind speeds on SMOS systems at 
Coldwater (E8), Ashton (E9), the central faciality (E13), Ringwood (E15),
and Meeker (E20) were originally "generic"values, but analysis of the 
N.I.S.T traceable calibration data reveals that use of these "generic" 
calibrations produces data with insufficient accuracy. The calibrations 
for the wind speed sensor associated with the instrument must be used 
in the datalogger program in order to obtain data with a 1% uncertainty.
For the worst case, one wind speed sensor underestimates the wind speed 
by 1.1 m/s at 30 m/s when the "generic" calibration is used.  This is 
on top of the 1% calibration uncertainty.  

No unreported data loss occurred as a result of this calibration question, 
but users of the data should adjust the wind speed values before analysis 
involving these wind speed values.

• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

SGP/SMOS/E9 - Tower lowered for work on instrumentation

Due to tower being lowered to work on instrumentation, all wind data
taken between 1515 and 2030 GMT on 18 OCT 94 are incorrect.

• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

SGP/SMOS/E11 - Humidity sensor failed

RH Sensor failed.  Replaced on 31 OCT 95.

• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)

• Standard Deviation of Relative Humidity(sd_rh)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Standard Deviation of Vapor Pressure(sd_vap_pres)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)

• Time of Minimum Relative Humidity(time_min_rh)
• Maximum Vapor Pressure(max_vap_pres)
• Time of Minimum Vapor Pressure(time_min_vap_pres)
• Minimum Relative Humidity(min_rh)
• Minimum Vapor Pressure(min_vap_pres)
• Time of Maximum Relative Humidity(time_max_rh)
• Time of Maximum Vapor Pressure(time_max_vap_pres)
• Maximum Relative Humidity(max_rh)

SGP/SMOS/E15 - Tower lowered for work on instrumentation

Due to tower being lowered to work on instrumentation, all wind
data taken between 1600 and 1730 GMT on 20 OCT 94 are incorrect.

• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

SGP/SMOS/E13 - Tower lowered for work on instrumentation

Due to tower being lowered to work on intrumentation between 
1530 and 1630 GMT on 18 AUG 94, all wind data are incorrect 
during this period.

• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)

• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)

SGP/SMOS/E20 - Tower lowered for work on instrumentation

Due to tower being lowered to work on instrumentation between 
1700 and 1830 GMT on 03 NOV 94, all wind data are incorrect.

• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)

• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)

SGP/SMOS/E13 - Tower lowered for work on instrumentation

Due to tower being lowered to work on instrumentation, 
all sgp1smosE13 and sgp30smosE13 wind data taken between 
1420 - 1440 GMT on 19 OCT 94 are incorrect.

• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)

• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)

SGP/EBBR/E12 - 3-month Check

During EBBR 3 month checks the Automatic Exchange Mechanism is disabled
(reflected by home signals near zero) so that the two aspirator units can be
placed at the same height.  The measurements during this period, at least,
do not produce correct outputs of bowen ratio (bowen), sensible heat flux (h),
or latent heat flux (e), nor do the air temperature and relative humidity
measurements indicate gradients.  Checks performed before or after the AEM
is disabled also lead to some incorrect data.

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.

Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1620, 1625, 1630, 1635, 1640, 1645, 1650, 1655, 1700,
           1705, 1710, 1715, 1720, 1725, 1730, 1735, 1740
15 minute: 1630, 1645, 1700, 1715, 1730, 1745
30 minute: 1630, 1700, 1730, 1800

(EDITORS NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)

• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)

SGP/EBBR/E7 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1605, 1610, 1615, 1620, 1625, 1630, 1635, 1640, 1645,
           1650, 1655, 1700, 1705, 1710, 1715, 1720, 1725, 1730,
           1735, 1740, 1745, 1750
15 minute: 1615, 1630, 1645, 1700, 1715, 1730, 1745, 1800
30 minute: 1630, 1700, 1730, 1800

(EDITOR'S NOTE: The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)

• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1640, 1645, 1650, 1655, 1700, 1705, 1710, 1715, 1720,
           1725, 1730, 1735, 1740, 1745, 1750, 1755, 1800, 1805,
           1810, 1815, 1820, 1825, 1830, 1835
15 minute: 1645, 1700, 1715, 1730, 1745, 1800, 1815, 1830, 1845
30 minute: 1700, 1730, 1800, 1830, 1900


(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis referrs to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• h(h)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E9 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields

5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h


5 minute:  1820, 1825, 1830, 1835, 1840, 1845, 1850, 1855, 1900,
           1905, 1910, 1915, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1935, 1940, 1945
15 minute: 1830, 1845, 1900, 1915, 1930, 1945
30 minute: 1830, 1900, 1930, 2000


(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)

• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• h(h)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)

SGP/EBBR/E12 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1515, 1520, 1525, 1530, 1535, 1540, 1545, 1550, 1555,
           1600, 1605, 1610
15 minute: 1515, 1530, 1545, 1600, 1615
30 minute: 1530, 1600, 1630

(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045,
           2050, 2055, 2100, 2105
15 minute: 2015, 2045, 2100, 2115
30 minute: 2030, 2100

(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)

• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)

SGP/EBBR/E15 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields

5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1650, 1655, 1700, 1705, 1710, 1715, 1720, 1725, 1730,
           1735, 1740, 1745, 1750, 1755, 1800, 1805
15 minute: 1700, 1715, 1730, 1745, 1800, 1815
30 minute: 1700, 1730, 1800, 1830

(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• h(h)
• latent heat flux(e)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1520, 1525, 1530, 1535, 1540, 1545, 1550, 1555, 1600,
           1605
15 minute: 1530, 1545, 1600, 1615
30 minute: 1530, 1600, 1630

(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• h(h)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)

• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)

SGP/EBBR/E22 - T/RH Check

During the month of November 1994, site operations personnel conducted
field comparisons of the temperature and relative humidity sensors in the
EBBRs and the HMI31 portable T/RH meter (with the removable probe).  As is
reflected in the home signal output, the automatic exchange mechanism was
disabled in order to conduct the checks.

Measurements were taken every 5 minutes, for a half hour each in the
aspirated radiation shields (the HMI31 was inserted into the EBBR aspirated
radiation shield to provide the same aspiration as the EBBR sensors
received).  Measurements of aspirator flow were also recorded.  This
information was provided to the mentor.  The mentor then compared the field
checks with the data recorded by the EBBRs.

The periods of data and data fields that are incorrect because of the checks
are listed below.  Times are those at which the data are reported.


Data Fields
5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot
15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, tair_r, tair_l
30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h

5 minute:  1650, 1655, 1700, 1705, 1710, 1715, 1720, 1725, 1730, 1735
15 minute: 1700, 1715, 1730, 1745
30 minute: 1700, 1730, 1800

(EDITOR'S NOTE:  The following analysis refers to all EBBRs installed in Nov 1994)

Results of the T/RH comparisons:
The combined accuracy of the HMI31 and EBBR temperature sensors
(thermocouples or PRTDs) is +/- 0.4 degrees C.  The combined accuracy of the
HMI31 and EBBR RH sensors is +/- 4% for RH less than 80%, and +/- 6% for RH
greater than 80%.  The combined accuracy for each pair of EBBR sensors of
the same type is essentially the same as the quantities stated above.

All of the pairs of EBBR sensors show differences that fall within the
stated combined accuracies.  Although this sounds wonderful, a few of the
differences are close to the combined accuracy, which, because of the small
differences in temperature being measured (normally smaller than the
magnitude of the combined accuracy) could lead to some incorrect estimation
of sensible and latent heat flux.  However, unless there would be substantial
differences of calibration slope of two sensors in a pair, the switching of
height of the sensors every 15 minutes by the automatic exchange mechanism
will remove the offset between the sensors.

The comparisons between the EBBR sensors and the HMI31 T/RH meter showed
much larger differences.  The range of differences were: -2.4 to 0.0 degrees
for the thermocouples, -2.1 to 0.1 degrees for the RH probe PRTDs, and -6.6 to
6.7 percent for the RH sensors.  Six Thermocouples indicated differences from
the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Seven PRTDs indicated
differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined accuracy.  Four RH
sensors indicated differences from the HMI31 greater than the combined
accuracy.  The temperature differences (for both thermocouples and PRTDs)
were nearly all of one sign; the HMI31 indicated the greater temperature,
which may suggest a bias in the HMI31 temperature measurement, even though
a dozen differences of +/- 0.2 degrees were measured.  Four differences of
zero and only one positive difference (out of 40) were measured.  Thirteen of
the 20 RH differences were positive (HMI31 indicating the lower
RH), with the differences near the level of the combined accuracies being
approximately 50% positive and 50% negative.  It does not appear that the
HMI31 has a RH bias.

Plots of EBBR sensor/HMI31 differences as a function of time from the
installation of the individual sensors (a range of 10 to 30 months in the
field) shows no obvious pattern of sensor drift with time.  This is encouraging.

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• h(h)

• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)

• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - 3-month Check

During EBBR 3 month checks the Automatic Exchange Mechanism is disabled
(reflected by home signals near zero) so that the two aspirator units can be
placed at the same height.  The measurements during this period, at least,
do not produce correct outputs of bowen ratio (bowen), sensible heat flux (h),
or latent heat flux (e), nor do the air temperature and relative humidity
measurements indicate gradients.  Checks performed before or after the AEM
is disabled also lead to some incorrect data.

Time of the check is not known, so the entire day has been flagged as
suspect.

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)

• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)

SGP/EBBR/E15 - 3-month Check

During EBBR 3 month checks the Automatic Exchange Mechanism is disabled
(reflected by home signals near zero) so that the two aspirator units can be
placed at the same height.  The measurements during this period, at least,
do not produce correct outputs of bowen ratio (bowen), sensible heat flux (h),
or latent heat flux (e), nor do the air temperature and relative humidity
measurements indicate gradients.  Checks performed before or after the AEM
is disabled also lead to some incorrect data.

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• h(h)
• latent heat flux(e)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - 3-month Check

During EBBR 3 month checks the Automatic Exchange Mechanism is disabled
(reflected by home signals near zero) so that the two aspirator units can be
placed at the same height.  The measurements during this period, at least,
do not produce correct outputs of bowen ratio (bowen), sensible heat flux (h),
or latent heat flux (e), nor do the air temperature and relative humidity
measurements indicate gradients.  Checks performed before or after the AEM
is disabled also lead to some incorrect data.

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• h(h)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)

• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)

SGP/EBBR/E22 - 3-month Check

During EBBR 3 month checks the Automatic Exchange Mechanism is disabled
(reflected by home signals near zero) so that the two aspirator units can be
placed at the same height.  The measurements during this period, at least,
do not produce correct outputs of bowen ratio (bowen), sensible heat flux (h),
or latent heat flux (e), nor do the air temperature and relative humidity
measurements indicate gradients.  Checks performed before or after the AEM
is disabled also lead to some incorrect data.

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• h(h)

• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)

• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E26 - 3-month Check

During EBBR 3 month checks the Automatic Exchange Mechanism is disabled
(reflected by home signals near zero) so that the two aspirator units can be
placed at the same height.  The measurements during this period, at least,
do not produce correct outputs of bowen ratio (bowen), sensible heat flux (h),
or latent heat flux (e), nor do the air temperature and relative humidity
measurements indicate gradients.  Checks performed before or after the AEM
is disabled also lead to some incorrect data.

• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)

• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• h(h)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - 3-month Check

During EBBR 3 month checks the Automatic Exchange Mechanism is disabled
(reflected by home signals near zero) so that the two aspirator units can be
placed at the same height.  The measurements during this period, at least,
do not produce correct outputs of bowen ratio (bowen), sensible heat flux (h),
or latent heat flux (e), nor do the air temperature and relative humidity
measurements indicate gradients.  Checks performed before or after the AEM
is disabled also lead to some incorrect data.

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)

• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)

SGP/EBBR/E7 - 3-month Check

During EBBR 3 month checks the Automatic Exchange Mechanism is disabled
(reflected by home signals near zero) so that the two aspirator units can be
placed at the same height.  The measurements during this period, at least,
do not produce correct outputs of bowen ratio (bowen), sensible heat flux (h),
or latent heat flux (e), nor do the air temperature and relative humidity
measurements indicate gradients.  Checks performed before or after the AEM
is disabled also lead to some incorrect data.

• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)

• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• h(h)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - 3-month Check

During EBBR 3 month checks the Automatic Exchange Mechanism is disabled
(reflected by home signals near zero) so that the two aspirator units can be
placed at the same height.  The measurements during this period, at least,
do not produce correct outputs of bowen ratio (bowen), sensible heat flux (h),
or latent heat flux (e), nor do the air temperature and relative humidity
measurements indicate gradients.  Checks performed before or after the AEM
is disabled also lead to some incorrect data.

• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• h(h)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Reprocess: Soil Temperature Malfunction

During individual half hours on three days, soil moisture probe #1 
indicated values that were below the acceptable minimum, for unknown
reasons.

The times of incorrect data and the affected quantities are shown below.

SM1:     Half Hour     15 Minute
20 July: 1800 GMT    1745, 1800 GMT
21 July: 0800 GMT    0745, 0800 GMT
22 July: 1800 GMT    1745, 1800 GMT

15 minute: r_sm1
30 minute: sm1, c_shf1, cs1, ces1, g1, ave_shf, e, h

• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)

• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• latent heat flux(e)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• h(h)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Reprocess: Bad soil heat flux sensor #4

On September 11, 1993 soil heat flux sensor #4 of the Plevna, KS EBBR
(E4) malfunctioned.  The sensor was replaced September 23, 1993 before
1600. Corrupted 30 minute values of shf4, c_shf4, g4, ave_shf, h, and e,
and corrupted 15 minute values of mv_hft4 resulted from the sensor
malfunction.  

The quantities shf4, c_shf4, g4, and mv_hft4 are bad data values and are not 
recoverable.  The other quantities can be recalculated using the three
functioning sets of soil sensors. (Note: Soil heat flux sensor #5 was also
malfunctioning during the time periods identified and has therefore been
eliminated from the recalculation equations.  This problem is identified
in a separate DQR.)

ave_shf = (g1 + g2 + g3)/3
e = -(q + ave_shf)/(1 + bowen)
h = -(e + ave_shf + q)

• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• h(h)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)

• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Reprocess: Bad soil heat flux sensor #5

On September 1, 1993 the EBBR system at Plevna, E4, was relocated in the
same field.  However, soil contact for soil heat flux plate #5 was not
properly established.  This resulted in somewhat high positive and very
high negative outputs, depending on the direction of soil heat flow.
Corrupted 30 minute values of shf4, c_shf4, g4, ave_shf, h, and e,
and corrupted 15 minute values of mv_hft4 resulted.

The quantities shf4, c_shf4, g4, and mv_hft4 are bad data values and
are not recoverable.  The other quantities can be recalculated using
the four functioning sets of soil sensors. (Note: Soil heat flux 
sensor #4 was also malfunctioning during part of the time period 
identified.  That problem is identified in two separate DQRs.  See
D931108.5 and D020701.2 for the equations to use while sensor #4
was not working properly)

ave_shf = (g1 + g2 + g3 + g4)/4
e = -(q + ave_shf)/(1 + bowen)
h = -(e + ave_shf + q)

• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• h(h)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)

• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Soil Moisture Probe 5 Offscale

During two half hours, soil moisture probe #5
indicated values that were offscale for an 
unknown reasons.

Affected data values are:
15 minute: rr_sm5
30 minute: sm1, c_shf5, cs5, ces5, g5, ave_shf, e, h

Sensible, latent, and soil heat fluxes can be recalculated using the
change in energy storage of probes 1-4 as follows.

ave_shf = (g1 + g2 + g3 + g4)/4
e = -(q + ave_shf)/(1 + bowen)
h = -(e + ave_shf +q)

• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)

• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• h(h)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)

SGP/EBBR/E9 - Annual calibration changeout

On November 15, 1995 the changeout for annual calibration occurred at E9,
Ashton, KS.  The soil moisture sensors were shipped wet from the vendor 
and did not stabilize until 25 November 1995.  The following data should 
be considered incorrect until 25 November 1995:

15 minute:  rr_sm1, rr_sm2, rr_sm3, rr_sm4, rr_sm5

30 minute:  h, e, ave_shf, shf1, shf2, shf3, shf4, shf5, sm1, sm2, sm3,
            sm4, sm5, cs1, cs2, cs3, cs4, cs5, ces1, ces2, ces3, ces4,
            g1, g2, g3, g4, g5.

• Soil moisture 1(rr_sm1)
• Soil moisture 4(rr_sm4)
• Soil moisture 2(rr_sm2)
• Soil moisture 3(rr_sm3)
• Soil moisture 5(rr_sm5)

• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• latent heat flux(e)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• h(h)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)

SGP/EBBR/E9 - Annual calibration changeout

On November 15, 1995 the changeout for annual calibration occurred at E9,
Ashton, KS.  After installation of the new SEBS unit, RH output was zero.  
The next day site operations personnel found that the RH probe cable 
connections were loose.  RH returned to normal after the connections were 
tightened at 1700 GMT on 16 November 1995.  During the period of time that 
the connections were not made, the following data values are incorrect: 

5 minute:  hum_top, hum_bot, vp_top, vp_bot

15 minute: mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l

30 minute: hum_top, hum_bot, vp_top, vp_bot.

• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Thermocouple out of range, data incorrect

The left thermocouple temperature for 22 December was out of range
between 2030 and 2130 GMT, yielding incorrect values as listed below:

5 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot
15 minute: tair_l
30 minute:  tair_top, tair_bot, bowen, h, e

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)

• Left air temperature(tair_l)

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)

SGP/SMOS/E4 - 6-month Calibration Checks

During the time periods specified, the SMOS.E4 tower was
lowered for 6-month Calibration Checks.   During these times 
wind data are incorrect and temperature and humidity data 
may be incorrect.

Note, exact times when tower was down or maintenance was
being performed is sometimes unknown.  Users should use
the remaining data from these days with caution.

• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)

• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Standard Deviation of Vapor Pressure(sd_vap_pres)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Standard Deviation of Relative Humidity(sd_rh)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Standard Deviation of Barometric Pressure(sd_bar_pres)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Standard Deviation of Air Temperature(sd_temp)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

• Time of Minimum Vapor Pressure(time_min_vap_pres)
• Time of Maximum Vapor Pressure(time_max_vap_pres)
• Minimum Temperature(min_temp)
• Maximum Relative Humidity(max_rh)
• Maximum Temperature(max_temp)
• Time of Maximum Temperature(time_max_temp)
• Minimum Barometric Pressure(min_bar_pres)
• Time of Maximum Relative Humidity(time_max_rh)
• Time of Maximum Barometric Pressure(time_max_bar_pres)
• Maximum Vapor Pressure(max_vap_pres)
• Time of Minimum Wind Speed(time_min_wspd)
• Minimum Vapor Pressure(min_vap_pres)
• maximum wind speed (gusts)(max_wspd)
• Time of Maximum Wind Speed(time_max_wspd)
• Time of Minimum Temperature(time_min_temp)
• Minimum Relative Humidity(min_rh)
• Time of Minimum Barometric Pressure(time_min_bar_pres)
• Maximum Barometric Pressure(max_bar_pres)
• Minimum of Wind speed(min_wspd)
• Time of Minimum Relative Humidity(time_min_rh)

SGP/SMOS/E7 - 6-month Calibration Checks

During the time periods specified, the SMOS.E7 tower was
lowered for 6-month Calibration Checks.   During these times 
wind data are incorrect and temperature and humidity data 
may be incorrect.

Note, exact times when tower was down or maintenance was
being performed is sometimes unknown.  Users should use
the remaining data from these days with caution.

• Time of Minimum Wind Speed(time_min_wspd)
• Time of Maximum Temperature(time_max_temp)
• Maximum Vapor Pressure(max_vap_pres)
• Minimum of Wind speed(min_wspd)
• Time of Minimum Vapor Pressure(time_min_vap_pres)
• Minimum Temperature(min_temp)
• Time of Maximum Barometric Pressure(time_max_bar_pres)
• Maximum Temperature(max_temp)
• Time of Maximum Relative Humidity(time_max_rh)
• Time of Maximum Wind Speed(time_max_wspd)
• Time of Minimum Barometric Pressure(time_min_bar_pres)
• Minimum Relative Humidity(min_rh)
• Time of Maximum Vapor Pressure(time_max_vap_pres)
• Minimum Vapor Pressure(min_vap_pres)
• Maximum Relative Humidity(max_rh)
• Minimum Barometric Pressure(min_bar_pres)
• maximum wind speed (gusts)(max_wspd)
• Maximum Barometric Pressure(max_bar_pres)
• Time of Minimum Relative Humidity(time_min_rh)
• Time of Minimum Temperature(time_min_temp)

• Standard Deviation of Vapor Pressure(sd_vap_pres)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Standard Deviation of Barometric Pressure(sd_bar_pres)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Standard Deviation of Air Temperature(sd_temp)
• Standard Deviation of Relative Humidity(sd_rh)

• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)

SGP/SMOS/E8 - 6-month Calibration Checks

During the time periods specified, the SMOS.E8 tower was
lowered for 6-month Calibration Checks.   During these times 
wind data are incorrect and temperature and humidity data 
may be incorrect.

Note, exact times when tower was down or maintenance was
being performed is sometimes unknown.  Users should use
the remaining data from these days with caution.

• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

• Time of Maximum Wind Speed(time_max_wspd)
• maximum wind speed (gusts)(max_wspd)
• Time of Maximum Temperature(time_max_temp)
• Time of Minimum Relative Humidity(time_min_rh)
• Maximum Barometric Pressure(max_bar_pres)
• Maximum Temperature(max_temp)
• Time of Minimum Temperature(time_min_temp)
• Minimum Barometric Pressure(min_bar_pres)
• Minimum of Wind speed(min_wspd)
• Minimum Vapor Pressure(min_vap_pres)
• Time of Minimum Wind Speed(time_min_wspd)
• Minimum Temperature(min_temp)
• Minimum Relative Humidity(min_rh)
• Maximum Relative Humidity(max_rh)
• Time of Minimum Barometric Pressure(time_min_bar_pres)
• Time of Maximum Relative Humidity(time_max_rh)
• Maximum Vapor Pressure(max_vap_pres)
• Time of Maximum Vapor Pressure(time_max_vap_pres)
• Time of Maximum Barometric Pressure(time_max_bar_pres)
• Time of Minimum Vapor Pressure(time_min_vap_pres)

• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Standard Deviation of Air Temperature(sd_temp)
• Standard Deviation of Vapor Pressure(sd_vap_pres)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Standard Deviation of Relative Humidity(sd_rh)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Standard Deviation of Barometric Pressure(sd_bar_pres)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)

SGP/SMOS/E9 - 6-month Calibration Checks

During the time periods specified, the SMOS.E9 tower was
lowered for 6-month Calibration Checks.  During these times 
wind data are incorrect and temperature and humidity data 
may be incorrect.

Note, exact times when tower was down or maintenance was
being performed is sometimes unknown.  Users should use
the remaining data from these days with caution.

• Maximum Barometric Pressure(max_bar_pres)
• Time of Maximum Vapor Pressure(time_max_vap_pres)
• Maximum Vapor Pressure(max_vap_pres)
• Minimum Relative Humidity(min_rh)
• Time of Minimum Vapor Pressure(time_min_vap_pres)
• Maximum Temperature(max_temp)
• Minimum of Wind speed(min_wspd)
• Time of Minimum Barometric Pressure(time_min_bar_pres)
• Minimum Barometric Pressure(min_bar_pres)
• maximum wind speed (gusts)(max_wspd)
• Time of Minimum Wind Speed(time_min_wspd)
• Time of Maximum Wind Speed(time_max_wspd)
• Time of Maximum Relative Humidity(time_max_rh)
• Minimum Vapor Pressure(min_vap_pres)
• Time of Minimum Temperature(time_min_temp)
• Time of Maximum Temperature(time_max_temp)
• Time of Maximum Barometric Pressure(time_max_bar_pres)
• Time of Minimum Relative Humidity(time_min_rh)
• Maximum Relative Humidity(max_rh)
• Minimum Temperature(min_temp)

• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)

• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Standard Deviation of Air Temperature(sd_temp)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Standard Deviation of Vapor Pressure(sd_vap_pres)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Standard Deviation of Barometric Pressure(sd_bar_pres)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Standard Deviation of Relative Humidity(sd_rh)

SGP/SMOS/E15 - 6-month Calibration Checks

During the time periods specified, the SMOS.E15 tower was
lowered for 6-month Calibration Checks.  During these times 
wind data are incorrect and temperature and humidity data 
may be incorrect.

Note, exact times when tower was down or maintenance was
being performed is sometimes unknown.  Users should use
the remaining data from these days with caution.

• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

• Time of Maximum Wind Speed(time_max_wspd)
• Time of Minimum Temperature(time_min_temp)
• Maximum Relative Humidity(max_rh)
• Time of Maximum Vapor Pressure(time_max_vap_pres)
• Minimum Barometric Pressure(min_bar_pres)
• Time of Minimum Vapor Pressure(time_min_vap_pres)
• Maximum Temperature(max_temp)
• Minimum Temperature(min_temp)
• Time of Minimum Relative Humidity(time_min_rh)
• Time of Maximum Relative Humidity(time_max_rh)
• Maximum Vapor Pressure(max_vap_pres)
• maximum wind speed (gusts)(max_wspd)
• Time of Minimum Wind Speed(time_min_wspd)
• Minimum Relative Humidity(min_rh)
• Minimum Vapor Pressure(min_vap_pres)
• Time of Maximum Barometric Pressure(time_max_bar_pres)
• Time of Minimum Barometric Pressure(time_min_bar_pres)
• Minimum of Wind speed(min_wspd)
• Maximum Barometric Pressure(max_bar_pres)
• Time of Maximum Temperature(time_max_temp)

• Standard Deviation of Relative Humidity(sd_rh)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Standard Deviation of Air Temperature(sd_temp)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Standard Deviation of Barometric Pressure(sd_bar_pres)
• Standard Deviation of Vapor Pressure(sd_vap_pres)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)

SGP/SMOS/E20 - 6-month Calibration Checks

During the time periods specified, the SMOS.E20 tower was
lowered for 6-month Calibration Checks.  During these times 
wind data are incorrect and temperature and humidity data 
may be incorrect.

Note, exact times when tower was down or maintenance was
being performed is sometimes unknown.  Users should use
the remaining data from these days with caution.

• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)

• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Standard Deviation of Vapor Pressure(sd_vap_pres)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Standard Deviation of Barometric Pressure(sd_bar_pres)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Standard Deviation of Air Temperature(sd_temp)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Standard Deviation of Relative Humidity(sd_rh)

• Maximum Temperature(max_temp)
• Time of Maximum Wind Speed(time_max_wspd)
• Time of Maximum Temperature(time_max_temp)
• Maximum Vapor Pressure(max_vap_pres)
• Time of Maximum Relative Humidity(time_max_rh)
• Time of Minimum Vapor Pressure(time_min_vap_pres)
• Time of Minimum Barometric Pressure(time_min_bar_pres)
• Minimum Temperature(min_temp)
• Minimum of Wind speed(min_wspd)
• Time of Minimum Wind Speed(time_min_wspd)
• Time of Minimum Relative Humidity(time_min_rh)
• Time of Maximum Barometric Pressure(time_max_bar_pres)
• Time of Minimum Temperature(time_min_temp)
• Minimum Barometric Pressure(min_bar_pres)
• Time of Maximum Vapor Pressure(time_max_vap_pres)
• maximum wind speed (gusts)(max_wspd)
• Maximum Barometric Pressure(max_bar_pres)
• Maximum Relative Humidity(max_rh)
• Minimum Relative Humidity(min_rh)
• Minimum Vapor Pressure(min_vap_pres)

SGP/SMOS/E11 - 6-month Calibration Checks

During the time periods specified, the SMOS.E11 tower was
lowered for 6-month Calibration Checks.  During these times 
wind data are incorrect and temperature and humidity data 
may be incorrect.

Note, exact times when tower was down or maintenance was
being performed is sometimes unknown.  Users should use
the remaining data from these days with caution.

• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)

• Time of Minimum Relative Humidity(time_min_rh)
• Time of Minimum Vapor Pressure(time_min_vap_pres)
• Time of Maximum Wind Speed(time_max_wspd)
• Minimum of Wind speed(min_wspd)
• Minimum Vapor Pressure(min_vap_pres)
• Time of Maximum Temperature(time_max_temp)
• Minimum Barometric Pressure(min_bar_pres)
• Time of Maximum Vapor Pressure(time_max_vap_pres)
• maximum wind speed (gusts)(max_wspd)
• Time of Minimum Wind Speed(time_min_wspd)
• Maximum Vapor Pressure(max_vap_pres)
• Maximum Barometric Pressure(max_bar_pres)
• Time of Minimum Temperature(time_min_temp)
• Minimum Relative Humidity(min_rh)
• Time of Maximum Relative Humidity(time_max_rh)
• Time of Minimum Barometric Pressure(time_min_bar_pres)
• Minimum Temperature(min_temp)
• Maximum Temperature(max_temp)
• Maximum Relative Humidity(max_rh)
• Time of Maximum Barometric Pressure(time_max_bar_pres)

• Standard Deviation of Barometric Pressure(sd_bar_pres)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Standard Deviation of Relative Humidity(sd_rh)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Standard Deviation of Vapor Pressure(sd_vap_pres)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Standard Deviation of Air Temperature(sd_temp)

SGP/SMOS/E13 - 6-month Calibration Checks

During the time periods specified, the SMOS.E13 tower was
lowered for 6-month Calibration Checks.  During these times 
wind data are incorrect and temperature and humidity data 
may be incorrect.

Note, exact times when tower was down or maintenance was
being performed is sometimes unknown.  Users should use
the remaining data from these days with caution.

• Minimum Temperature(min_temp)
• Time of Minimum Wind Speed(time_min_wspd)
• Maximum Barometric Pressure(max_bar_pres)
• Time of Maximum Relative Humidity(time_max_rh)
• Time of Minimum Barometric Pressure(time_min_bar_pres)
• Time of Maximum Temperature(time_max_temp)
• Minimum Vapor Pressure(min_vap_pres)
• Maximum Temperature(max_temp)
• Maximum Relative Humidity(max_rh)
• Time of Maximum Barometric Pressure(time_max_bar_pres)
• Minimum Relative Humidity(min_rh)
• Time of Minimum Vapor Pressure(time_min_vap_pres)
• Time of Maximum Vapor Pressure(time_max_vap_pres)
• Maximum Vapor Pressure(max_vap_pres)
• Time of Minimum Temperature(time_min_temp)
• Time of Minimum Relative Humidity(time_min_rh)
• Minimum of Wind speed(min_wspd)
• Time of Maximum Wind Speed(time_max_wspd)
• Minimum Barometric Pressure(min_bar_pres)
• maximum wind speed (gusts)(max_wspd)

• Standard Deviation of Relative Humidity(sd_rh)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Standard Deviation of Barometric Pressure(sd_bar_pres)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Standard Deviation of Vapor Pressure(sd_vap_pres)
• Standard Deviation of Air Temperature(sd_temp)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)

• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)

SGP/SMOS/E24 - 6-month Calibration Checks

During the time periods specified, the SMOS.E24 tower was
lowered for 6-month Calibration Checks.  During these times 
wind data are incorrect and temperature and humidity data 
may be incorrect.

Note, exact times when tower was down or maintenance was
being performed is sometimes unknown.  Users should use
the remaining data from these days with caution.

• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Standard Deviation of Barometric Pressure(sd_bar_pres)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Standard Deviation of Wind Speed(sd_wspd)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Standard Deviation of Air Temperature(sd_temp)
• Standard Deviation of Vapor Pressure(sd_vap_pres)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)
• Standard Deviation of Relative Humidity(sd_rh)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)

• Unit Vector Wind Direction(wdir)
• Barometric pressure(bar_pres)
• Wind Speed (vector averaged)(wspd_va)
• Relative humidity inside the instrument enclosure(rh)
• Standard Deviation of wind direction(sd_deg)
• Beam 0 Temperature(temp)
• Vapor Pressure (kiloPascals)(vap_pres)
• Mean Wind Speed(wspd)

• Time of Minimum Vapor Pressure(time_min_vap_pres)
• Time of Minimum Barometric Pressure(time_min_bar_pres)
• Minimum Barometric Pressure(min_bar_pres)
• Time of Minimum Relative Humidity(time_min_rh)
• Time of Maximum Temperature(time_max_temp)
• Time of Maximum Barometric Pressure(time_max_bar_pres)
• Time of Maximum Relative Humidity(time_max_rh)
• Time of Maximum Vapor Pressure(time_max_vap_pres)
• Maximum Temperature(max_temp)
• Minimum Relative Humidity(min_rh)
• maximum wind speed (gusts)(max_wspd)
• Minimum of Wind speed(min_wspd)
• Time of Minimum Temperature(time_min_temp)
• Minimum Vapor Pressure(min_vap_pres)
• Time of Minimum Wind Speed(time_min_wspd)
• Minimum Temperature(min_temp)
• Maximum Vapor Pressure(max_vap_pres)
• Time of Maximum Wind Speed(time_max_wspd)
• Maximum Barometric Pressure(max_bar_pres)
• Maximum Relative Humidity(max_rh)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - incorrect home signal

EDITOR'S NOTE:  This DQR refers to data collected by the EBBR at E13 prior
to the begin date of regular ARM data.  At that time, the data streams which
contain the EBBR.E13 data were named 
      Dsgp15ebbr1.a0
      Dsgp30ebbr1.a1
      Dsgp5ebbr1.a0
These data are not readily available from the ARM archive, but can be
made available by special request.  The actual time range of the problem
described here is 921230.0000-930423.1200.



EBBR1, Central Facility reported incorrect home value signals from 30
December 1992 through 23 April 1993.  The home signals are used in the
calculation of fluxes by the CR10 data logger.  The fluxes for this period
are thus invalid as reported and must be recalculated from the archived 15
minute data.  The proper home signals are less than 35 for 30 minute home
signal and greater than 35 for 15 minute home signal.  Home signals were
the same value for 15 minute and 30 minute during the period of interest,
although they were not a constant value.  The chronology of the situation
is reported below.  On 7 April 1993 I noticed the problem in the A0 data.

On 30 December 1992, the automatic exchange mechanism (AEM) of the Central
Facility EBBR froze up with ice and stopped working (surmised from looking
at the EBBR1 data).  This caused a fuse to blow and stop the mechanism from
operating.  However, one channel of the CR10 data logger was apparently damaged
in the process.  The condition of the AEM only, was noticed on 4 January 1993
by site operations personnel.  The blown fuse was replaced, which started
the AEM working; but AEM home signal values between 30 Dec and 04 Jan were
around zero.  Home values remained around zero until at least January 8, 1993.
I have a gap in data archived at ANL between 8 and 15 January 1993, during
which I do not know quite what was happening.  On 11 January 1993 site
operations personnel found that the EBBR1 battery was run down and the EBBR
thus was not working.  A new battery was installed.  On 15 January the home
values were about 34.  I am assuming that they became 34 upon installation
of the new battery on 11 January.  Until at least 15 January the home signals
stayed around 34.  After that period the home signals became greater than
35 and generally were around 36.  Only occasionally (a few hours here and
there)were the home signals just above or below 35 to produce the proper
flux outputs.  On 23 April 1993, at my direction (and after a week of tests
on other parts of the system), the CR10 data logger was replaced.  This solved
the problem.  In fact, previous to this I had suggested reloading the software
into the previous CR10, but the CR10 would not accept it; as soon as the
machine was deactivated before that procedure it stopped working altogether.
I find it amazing that it worked at all, although all data other than the home
signals, and the calculated quantities dependent on them looked perfectly
acceptable during the period of interest; there is no evidence that the
CR10 was malfunctioning in other areas.

The road to restoring the 30 Dec to 23 April data would be a rocky one, as
each 15 minute data period would have to be examined to determine the
proper position of the sensors on the AEM.  However, it is possible to
reconstruct most of the 30 minute calculated values from the 15 minute data.

• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Home signal(home)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• lat(lat)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• lon(lon)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• net radiation(q)
• base time(base_time)

• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• h(h)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• lat(lat)
• base time(base_time)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• net radiation(q)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• lon(lon)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)

EBBR - soil heat flux plate giving opposite sign

EDITOR'S NOTE: This DQR refers to data collected by the EBBR at E20 prior
to the begin date of regular ARM data.  At that time, the data streams which
contain the EBBR.E20 data were named
      Dsgp15ebbr6.a0
      Dsgp30ebbr6.a1
      Dsgp5ebbr6.a0
These data are not readily available from the ARM archive, but can be
made available by special request.  The actual time range of the problem
described here is 930405.0000-930429.2359.


Soil heat flux sensor #3 of EBBR6, at Meeker, Ok extended site was
determined by me to have one heat flux plate whose output was out of phase
with the other four.  The absolute value of the soil heat flux value
produced by the plate was good.  Normally, this condition is caused either
by improper wiring of the sensor into the data acquisition system (this was
checked by site operations personnel on 29 April; wiring convention was
correct) or by the plate being installed upside down.  The latter seems
fairly obvious, although the plate was not dug up to check it's orientation;
that is not neccesary and would be detrimental since it takes time for such
sensors to acclimate themselves to their soil environment.

The consequence of this problem is that 5 soil heat flux plate outputs were
being averaged, with one of the outputs being of opposite sign from the
other four.  Since the outputs are similar, in absolute terms, this
essentially resulted in an average soil heat flux plate value that is 40%
too low.  In terms of output, this a reduction of around 10 W per meters
squared, or 1-2% of the RN+G term during maximum solar insolation.  This is
clearly a small error.

Site operations personnel switched the soil heat flux plate leads to give
the proper sign of output, on 29 April 1993, time unknown (this can be
determined from looking at the ingested data later; it hasn't been ingested
yet).  The instrument operated properly at that point.  Thus, the problem
has been corrected.

• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• net radiation(q)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• lat(lat)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• h(h)
• base time(base_time)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• lon(lon)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• base time(base_time)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• lat(lat)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• lon(lon)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• net radiation(q)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Home signal(home)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - incorrect meteorological observations

EDITOR'S NOTE:  This DQR refers ti data collected by the EBBR at E13 prior
to the begin date of regular ARM data.  At that time, the data streams which
contain the EBBR.E13 data were named
      Dsgp15ebbr1.a0
      Dsgp30ebbr1.a1
      Dsgp5ebbr1.a0
These data are not readily available from the ARM archive, but can be 
made available by special request.  The actual time range of the problem
described here is 930417.1200-930422.1730.


Beginning at 1200 UTC on 17 April 1993, EBBR1, Central Facility, outputs
ramped to extreme values, some positive, some negative.  These outputs ended
their ramping approximately 3 hours later.  Comparison with SMOS data
indicate that no time averaged outputs from EBBR1 were consistent with the
SMOS after 1200 UTC.

It appears that the averaging instruction in the CR10 data logger had been
corrupted.  On 22 April site operations, at my request, tried to reenter
the software; this attempt was completely unsuccessful, indicating that the
CR10 probably had other problems as well.  EBBR1 was offline from 1730 UTC
on 22 April until 1400 UTC on 23 April, when a new CR10 was installed and the
software downloaded successfully.

Since a SDS utility for extracting real time data from the CF SMOS had not been
established, EBBR1 was being used for weather observations.  All EBBR1
measurements of meteorological quantities during the period above are
invalid.

• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Home signal(home)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• lat(lat)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• lon(lon)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• net radiation(q)
• base time(base_time)

• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• h(h)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• lat(lat)
• base time(base_time)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• net radiation(q)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• lon(lon)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - pressure calibration

In the original Campbell CR10 software provided by the vendor (version 1),
the EBBR had incorrect calibration pressure sensor slopes and offsets.
The slopes and offset was carried through into version 2 of the
software and was not discovered by the mentor (me) until sometime later.
The calibration and slope did not deleteriously affect calculations in
the program since only a four percent reduction in atmospheric pressure
measurement resulted (the calculations are not very sensitive to small
errors in pressure). The vendor does not recall how the wrong
calibrations came to be used.   

Version 4 of the CR10 program includes the proper calibration and offset. 
This remedies the apparent offset problem (it was actually a calibration 
and offset problem). In comparisons with the co-located SMOS pressure
sensor, the difference between the SMOS and EBBR pressure values appeared
almost constant with time, hence the assumption of an offset problem.
However, the EBBR pressure sensor offsets are so large (a consequence of
tailoring the calibration curve to a small range of elevations in which the
calibration applies) that the very small error in slope was difficult to
recognize.

The outputted pressure values for the EBBR system can be corrected
with the following information and equations.  

         Old Slope     Old Offset        New Slope     New Offset

          0.01952        81.24            0.02031        81.27

   Correct Pressure =
               ((Current Pressure Data - 81.24)*0.02031/0.01952) + 81.27
                    =  1.04047*(Current Pressure Data) - 3.258

• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - solid moisture correction

In the original EBBR software (Version 1) for the Campbell CR10 at the Central
Facility (E13), adjustment of the soil moisture for soil type was performed
differently than for the other EBBR systems.  This was supposed to have
been changed prior to installation (according to the vendor), but the
change was not made.  This adjustment was carried into Version 2 and was
not discovered by the mentor (me) until later.  A polynomial is used to
adjust the measured soil moisture for differences between the soil type at
the location of installation (clay-loam assumed) and the soil type (sand)
used in the calibration of the soil moisture sensor.  The adjustment in
the E13 EBBR only, was computed on the basis of a sandy-loam soil.

Presently, a clay-loam soil type is assumed for each EBBR location.  Soil
types at the extended facilities have not been characterized yet, although
there are hopes of doing so in the future.  The effect of using a
polynomial for sandy-loam soil instead of clay-loam soil is to decrease the
resultant soil moisture values by approximately 14.5% when the clay-loam
polynomial would indicate a soil moisture of 28.3%, and by approximately
38.3% when the clay-loam polynomial would indicate a soil moisture of 6.3%.
The normal range of soil moisture at the EBBR sites is approximately 3% to
35%.

The effect of the soil moisture decreases above on the adjustment to soil heat
flux plate measurements is less than 1.0%.  The effect on the change in
energy storage in the soil (determined from the change in soil temperature
over time) is a 10% decrease for a soil moisture of 28.3% and a decrease of
13.0% for a soil moisture of 6.3%.  The change in energy storage is typically
5% of the total surface energy budget during mid-day and 25% at night.
Therefore, the soil type adjustment error in the Central Facility EBBR
resulted in approximately a 0.5% error in the surface energy budget during
mid-day and 2.5% at night.  These are small and acceptable errors and
should not cause one to need to recalculate energy budget values.

• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• h(h)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Reprocess: Intermittently bad soil heat flux sensor #4

On October 23, 1993 soil heat flux sensor #4 (which had been installed on
September 23, 1993) of the Plevna, KS EBBR (E4) developed an intermittent poor
electrical contact with the multiplexer.  Corrupted 30 minute values of shf4,
c_shf4, g4, ave_shf, h, and e, and corrupted 15 minute values of mv_hft4
resulted from this situation.  

The quantities shf4, c_shf4, g4, and mv_hft4 are bad data values and are not 
recoverable.  The other quantities can be recalculated using the three
functioning sets of soil sensors. (Note: Soil heat flux sensor #5 was also
malfunctioning during the time periods identified and has therefore been
eliminated from the recalculation equations.  This problem is identified
in a separate DQR.)

ave_shf = (g1 + g2 + g3)/3
e = -(q + ave_shf)/(1 + bowen)
h = -(e + ave_shf + q)

• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• h(h)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)

• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)

SGP/EBBR/E9 - pressure calibration

In the original Campbell CR10 software provided by the vendor (version 1),
the EBBR had incorrect calibration pressure sensor slopes and offsets.
The slopes and offset was carried through into version 2 of the
software and was not discovered by the mentor (me) until sometime later.
The calibration and slope did not deleteriously affect calculations in
the program since only a four percent reduction in atmospheric pressure
measurement resulted (the calculations are not very sensitive to small
errors in pressure). The vendor does not recall how the wrong
calibrations came to be used.   

Version 4 of the CR10 program includes the proper calibration and offset. 
This remedies the apparent offset problem (it was actually a calibration 
and offset problem). In comparisons with the co-located SMOS pressure
sensor, the difference between the SMOS and EBBR pressure values appeared
almost constant with time, hence the assumption of an offset problem.
However, the EBBR pressure sensor offsets are so large (a consequence of
tailoring the calibration curve to a small range of elevations in which the
calibration applies) that the very small error in slope was difficult to
recognize.

The outputted pressure values for the EBBR system can be corrected
with the following information and equations.  

         Old Slope     Old Offset        New Slope     New Offset

          0.01952        81.24            0.02031        81.27

   Correct Pressure =
               ((Current Pressure Data - 81.24)*0.02031/0.01952) + 81.27
                    =  1.04047*(Current Pressure Data) - 3.258

• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - AEM malfunction

Beginning when the E4, Plevna EBBR was moved to a different location in the
same area on August 29, 1993, the home_15 signal began to malfunction
intermittently.  The home_15 signal is normally between 45 and 53; in the
case where it malfunctions, it reads approximately 22.  The home signal is
sampled only once per fifteen minute period to indicate the position of the
Automatic Exchange Mechanism (AEM).  However, the realtime value is used every
30 seconds to determine the sign of the gradient of temperature and relative
humidity.  Clearly, the 15 minute sample may not always reflect the proper
position if something is wrong with the AEM.  Therefore, when the home_15
signal is incorrect for a half hour, it is wise to view the preceding and
successive half hours of data with suspicion as well as the half hour of
interest.  Affected data are 5 minute values of mv_home; 15 values of
tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot, vp_top, vp_bot,
and home; 30 minute values of tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot,
hum_top, hum_bot, vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h, and home_15.  The dates on
which this problem occurred were (all 1993) August 29, September 2, 3, 6-8,
10-16, 18-29, October 1-11, 13-31, and November 1-4.

On November 4, 1993 the AEM was replaced at Plevna, correcting the problem
described in this PIF.

• Home signal(home)

• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)

• Home signal(mv_home)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - Drop in atmospheric pressure

Beginning September 22, 1993, the atmospheric pressure sensor at the E8
EBBR began showing drops of as much as 5 kPa for about half a day.  These
could be easily seen in comparisons with the SMOS pressure sensor.  The
drops were diurnal and occurred during daytime, at the same time as other
quantities such as temperature, net radiation, and battery voltage were at
the highest levels of the day.  It is unclear what exactly caused this
situation.  Replacement of the Campbell multiplexer to which the pressure
sensor was connected caused the problem to go away.  The same multiplexer was
then used as a replacement for the other multiplexer in the E8 EBBR and has not
shown any odd behavior on the channel that previously served the pressure
sensor.  My conclusion is that there was poor electronic contact of the
pressure sensor to the multiplexer.

Affected pressure data can only be easily seen by comparison with SMOS
pressure data.  No EBBR data other than pressure is affected by the
pressure problem; calculations of specific heat at constant pressure (which
includes the term 1/(p-vp)) times other terms (including p-.378*vp) result in
a very small error in the resulting Bowen Ratio.  For example; assume a common
vapor pressure (vp) of 2.0 kPa, a common atmospheric pressure of 97.0
kPa, and a corrupted atmospheric pressure of 92.0 kPa.

       Uncorrupted                               Corrupted

   (97.0-.378*2.0)/(97.0-2.0) = 1.0131   (92.0-.378*2.0)/(92.0-2.0) = 1.0138

   1.0138/1.0131 = 1.00069  or  0.069% increase in the Bowen Ratio as a
                                       result of the corruption

Therefore, no correction to the quantities calculated using pressure is
warranted.

• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)

• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

Incorrect readings for pressure sensor

ARM PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION FORM (PIF)

                            PIF No. P940105.1

Subject:  SGP/Ebbr - Incorrect readings for pressure sensor at E15

Submitted By:        David R. Cook
    Organization:    Argonne National Laboratory
    Date Submitted:  December 13, 1993

How may we contact you?
    e-mail:  cook@anler.er.anl.gov
    phone:   (708) 252-5840
    FAX:     (708) 252-9792

Submitter's Priority: 3
    [Critical-1   Very Important-2 Important-3 Inconvenient-4 Interesting-5]

Where was this Problem Identified:  DA
    [Site Data System-SDS      Experiment Center-EC]
    [Archive-A At              Field Instrument-FI ]
    [During Data Analyis-DA    Other- List Location]

Does this PIF result in a Software Change Request?  No
    Where:                     [ SDS,  EC, or  A ]

    Type:                      [Development-1 Problem-2  Enhancement-3]

    List Programs/Documents Affected:

    Configuration Identification:

Does problem impact data values or cause data loss?  Data values.
    which platform(s): EBBR, E15, Ringwood, OK

    Specify (or estimate) begin and end dates
          Begin Date   7/11/93
          End   Date  12/01/93   Time  1830 GMT

    Apparent cause of data loss, if known:

    SUGGESTED CAUSES:   Calibration Drift.
    [human error, component failure, temperature, lightning          ]
    [foreign matter, power loss, software failure,                   ]
    [communications failure, modification difficulites, specify other]


Problem Description/Change Description.

o For Instrument Problems ONLY,
        Identify MODE of Operation: Normal

o Give a brief explanation with details, attach examples and any supporting
  information.  This should include a description of analysis leading to
  identification of problem and, if known, recommended action.


Beginning July 11, 1993, the atmospheric pressure sensor at the E15
EBBR began indicating approximately 0.2 KPa lower than the colocated SMOS.
Between July 31 and August 22, 1993 the difference increased to between
0.25 and 0.30 KPa.  After August 22, the difference increased to 0.3 to
0.35 KPa and remained that way until December 1, 1993.  A comparison of the
EBBR pressure sensor with the portable standard on December 1, 1993
indicated that the EBBR sensor was 0.04 KPa higher than the standard; this
is excellent agreement considering that the uncertainty of the EBBR sensor
calibration is 0.15 KPa.  The consistent bias in EBBR pressure between July 11
and December 1 can be easily detected in comparisons with SMOS pressure data.
No EBBR data other than pressure was affected by the pressure problem;
calculations of specific heat at constant pressure (which includes the term
1/(p-vp)) times other terms (including p-.378*vp) result in no error to the
third decimal point at least in the resulting Bowen Ratio.  For example;
assume a common vapor pressure (vp) of 2.0 kPa, a common atmospheric pressure
of 97.0 kPa, and a corrupted atmospheric pressure of 96.65 kPa at the extreme.

       Uncorrupted                               Corrupted

(97.0-.378*2.0)/(97.0-2.0) = 1.0131   (96.65-.378*2.0)/(96.65-2.0) = 1.0131

   1.0131/1.0131 = 1.0000    There is no effect on the Bowen Ratio as a
                                       result of the corruption.

Therefore, no correction to the quantities calculated using pressure is
needed.

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• base time(base_time)
• Home signal(home)
• lon(lon)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• lat(lat)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• net radiation(q)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Top humidity(hum_top)

• net radiation(q)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• latent heat flux(e)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• lat(lat)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• h(h)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• base time(base_time)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lon(lon)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Battery(bat)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Signature(signature)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• base time(base_time)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• lon(lon)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• lat(lat)

SGP/EBBR/E22 - Air Temperature Sensor malfunction

The right air temperature probe (thermocouple) malfunctioned during the
periods stated above at Cordell, OK (E22).  It was replaced on December 21,
1993 and good data began again with the 1830 GMT half hour average.  For the
periods of interest, 5 and 30 minute values of tair_top and tair_bot are
incorrect when the right probe was in the specified position; 15 minute values of
tair_r are incorrect; and 30 minute values of bowen, e, and h are incorrect.  None of
these values are recoverable or recalculatable through the use of other
quantities since both air temperature probes are needed to determine bowen
ratio.

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• h(h)
• latent heat flux(e)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• top air temperature(tair_top)

• Right air temperature(tair_r)

• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - Blown fuse in AEM at E20

On October 30, 1993, before 1300 GMT, the fuse in the AEM (Automatic
Exchange Mechanism) of Meeker, Ok (E20) EBBR blew out.  The AEM remained
nonfunctional until the fuse was replaced just before 1600 GMT on
November 12, 1993.  This situation resulted in the following invalid data:

5 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
          vp_top, vp_bot, home

15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, mv_home, tair_r,
           tair_l

30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h, home_15, home_30


If the biases of the sensors were know, bowen, h, and e could be
recalculated from the 15 minute and/or 5 minute data.  Since we will not
have any idea of what those biases are until an annual calibration of the
sensors can take place (which may be months away), the recalculations
cannot be performed at this time.  Furthermore, it may be invalid to use
sensor biases, if determined too far removed in time, due to the gradual
calibration drift of some of the sensors.

• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• h(h)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Home signal(home)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)

SGP/EBBR/E15 - Questionable data due to low voltage at E15

On November 11, 1993 at 0300 GMT the voltage level of the battery for the
EBBR at Ringwood (E15) dropped to too low a level for most of the
sensors to perform properly.  By 0700 GMT virtually all sensors were not
indicating properly.  This condition continued through 1830 GMT on November
15, 1993.  No data from this EBBR should be considered valid during the
period indicated, since the quality of data from all sensors is
questionable.

• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Signature(signature)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• lon(lon)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• lat(lat)
• Soil moisture 5(rr_sm5)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Soil moisture 1(rr_sm1)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• Reference temperature(rr_tret)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Soil moisture 2(rr_sm2)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• base time(base_time)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Soil moisture 3(rr_sm3)
• Soil moisture 4(rr_sm4)
• Battery(bat)

• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• base time(base_time)
• Home signal(home)
• lon(lon)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• lat(lat)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• net radiation(q)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Top humidity(hum_top)

• net radiation(q)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• latent heat flux(e)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• lat(lat)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• h(h)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• base time(base_time)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lon(lon)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E22 - Incorrect averaging interval at E22

On November 9, 1993 version 4 of the EBBR program installed at Cordell, OK
(E22) was mistakenly modified in one area during the process of modifying a
calibration in another part of the program.  The mistaken modification was
a change in the execution interval from 30 seconds to 10 seconds.  This
modification remained in the program until November 22, 1993 when it was
discovered and changed back to a 30 second execution interval.  The
modification produced no ill effects as the execution interval only
changes sampling and averaging periods.  A 10 second execution interval
results in three times as many samples being taken, which, when averaged,
should actually produce more accurate results.  Therefore, data quality was
not affected.  This PIF was written only to document the fact that the
mistaken modification was made, and when it was made.

• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• net radiation(q)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• h(h)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• lat(lat)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• base time(base_time)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• lon(lon)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)

SGP/EBBR/E20 - Reprocess: Questionable data in soil heat fluxes at E20

Soil heat flux probes #4 had been indicating soil heat fluxes that were
higher than the other four probes.  It was decided to replace it.
On November 24, 1993 Soil Heat Flux probe #4 was replaced, resulting in
outputs more similar to the other four probes.  This PIF does not
invalidate previous measurements by the old probe #4, but only indicates
data that is bad as a result of the replacement procedure.  This procedure
resulted in some bad data for the adjoining soil heat flux probes #3 and #5
also.  Bad data for #3 includes the 1600 GMT half hour, and 5 and 15 minute
periods between 1530 and 1600 GMT.  Bad data for #4 includes half hour
times of 1600 through 1900 GMT, with 5 and 15 minute data inbetween those times
being invalid as well.  Bad data for #5 includes half hour times of 1630
and 1700 GMT, with 5 and 15 minute periods inbetween those times being
invalid as well.  Corrupted 30 minute values of shf4, c_shf4, g4, ave_shf, h,
and e, and corrupted 15 minute values of mv_hft4 resulted.  The quantities
shf4, c_shf4, g4, and mv_hft4 are bad data values and are not recoverable.
The other quantities can be recalculated using the remaining functioning
set(s) of soil sensors.

Use the following equations:

ave_shf = (gs summed)/n,

    where n is the number of probes functioning

e = -(q + ave_shf)/(1 + bowen)   where q is net radiation, and bowen is
                                 Bowen Ratio
h = e * bowen

• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)

• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• latent heat flux(e)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• h(h)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - Invalid data due to AEM fuse blow out at E8

On December 17, 1993, before 1100 GMT, the fuse in the AEM (Automatic
Exchange Mechanism) of Coldwater, KS (E8) EBBR blew out.  The AEM remained
nonfunctional until the fuse was replaced just before 1700 GMT on
December 29, 1993.  During the 1000 GMT half hour on December 17 the AEM
was hung up; this is clear from the home signal.  These situations resulted in
the following invalid data:

5 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
          vp_top, vp_bot, home

15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, mv_home, tair_r,
           tair_l

30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h, home_15, home_30

Bowen, h, and e can not be recalculated from the 15 minute and/or 5 minute data
since we cannot determine the position of the sensors on the AEM from the home
signal; home signal is near zero when there is no power to the AEM.

• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Home signal(mv_home)

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Home signal(home)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• h(h)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)

SGP/EBBR/E12 - Invalid data due to blown AEM fuse at E12

On December 20, 1993, before 0730 GMT, the fuse in the AEM (Automatic
Exchange Mechanism) of Pawhuska, OK (E12) EBBR blew out.  The AEM remained
nonfunctional until the fuse was replaced just before 1500 GMT on
December 22, 1993.  This situation resulted in the following invalid data:

5 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
          vp_top, vp_bot, home

15 minute: rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l, mv_home, tair_r,
           tair_l

30 minute: tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top, hum_bot,
           vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h, home_15, home_30

Bowen, h, and e can not be recalculated from the 15 minute and/or 5 minute data
since we cannot determine the position of the sensors on the AEM from the home
signal; home signal is near zero when there is no power to the AEM.

• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Home signal(home)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)

• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• latent heat flux(e)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)

• Home signal(mv_home)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Invalid data during E4 battery exchange

On December 16, 1993 the battery for the EBBR at Plevna, KS (E4) was
replaced.  This invalidates all 5, 15 and 30 minute data for the half hour
concluding at 1700 GMT.

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• base time(base_time)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• net radiation(q)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• lat(lat)
• lon(lon)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Home signal(home)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Battery(bat)
• base time(base_time)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• lon(lon)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lat(lat)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Signature(signature)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)

• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• lat(lat)
• h(h)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• net radiation(q)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• lon(lon)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• base time(base_time)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Invalid data due to AEM not exchanging

The AEM didn't exchange during the half hour ending 2130 GMT on December 16, 1993.  
This invalidates the half hour values of bowen, e, and h.  We do
not know the biases of the temperature and relative humidity sensors and
thus should not recalculate bowen, e, and h from the 5 and/or 15 minute
data between 2100 and 2130 GMT.

• latent heat flux(e)
• h(h)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)

SGP/EBBR/E13 - Invalid data during disconnection of AEM at E13

On December 31, 1993 at 1950 GMT the AEM on the Central Facility EBBR was
disconnected.  Another AEM was then connected, on which some testing was needed
before site operations could be confident that it was ready for field
installation at an extended facility.  At 2041 GMT the original AEM was
reconnected.  The following 5, 15, and 30 minute data between or for the stated
times below is invalid:

5 minute (1950 to 2045 GMT): tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot, hum_top,
          hum_bot, vp_top, vp_bot, home

15 minute (2000 to 2045 GMT): rr_thum_r, rr_thum_l, mv_hum_r, mv_hum_l,
           mv_home, tair_r, tair_l

30 minute (2000 through 2100 GMT): tair_top, tair_bot, thum_top, thum_bot,
           hum_top, hum_bot, vp_top, vp_bot, bowen, e, h, home_15, home_30

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Home signal(home)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)

• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Home signal(mv_home)

• latent heat flux(e)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• h(h)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)

SGP/EBBR/E26 - Invalid data during Preventative Maintenance

During a preventative maintenance visit the +12V DC supply to the wind
direction sensor at E26, Cement, Ok was temporarily disconnected, resulting
in invalid wind direction data for December 28, 1993 from 1645 through 1900
GMT.  The following fields are therefore invalid for that period:

30 minute: wind_d, sigma_wd, res_ws

15 minute: mv_wind_d

5 minute: wind_d, sigma_wd, res_ws.

• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)

• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - Invalid wind data frozen sensor

On January 12, 1994 the EBBR wind speed sensor at E8, Coldwater, KS was
frozen to a stationary by ice.  Invalid data for the time period 1100 to
1630 GMT is:

30 minute: wind_s, res_ws

15 minute: wind_s

5 minute: wind_s, res_ws.

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)

SGP/EBBR/E4 - Invalid data during shutdown for PM on 2/10/94

During a preventative maintenance visit on February 10, 1994, a
modification to a calibration in the EBBR CR10 program required the system
to be down for a short time.  All data between 1630 and 1700 GMT on that
day is invalid.

• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• base time(base_time)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• net radiation(q)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• lat(lat)
• lon(lon)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Home signal(home)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)

• Battery(bat)
• base time(base_time)
• Reference temperature(rr_tref)
• Atmospheric pressure(mv_pres)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat flow 5(mv_hft5)
• Soil temperature 1(rr_ts1)
• lon(lon)
• Left air temperature(tair_l)
• Soil temperature 4(rr_ts4)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• Soil moisture 4(r_sm4)
• Left relative humidity(mv_hum_l)
• Soil temperature 3(rr_ts3)
• Soil moisture 5(r_sm5)
• Right relative humidity(mv_hum_r)
• Soil temperature 2(rr_ts2)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• lat(lat)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)
• Soil heat flow 4(mv_hft4)
• Temperature of left humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_l)
• Signature(signature)
• Net radiation(mv_q)
• Soil heat flow 3(mv_hft3)
• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Soil temperature 5(rr_ts5)
• Soil moisture 3(r_sm3)
• Soil heat flow 1(mv_hft1)
• Home signal(mv_home)
• Soil heat flow 2(mv_hft2)
• Right air temperature(tair_r)
• Temperature of right humidity sensor chamber(rr_thum_r)
• Soil moisture 1(r_sm1)

• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 5(ts5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 4(c_shf4)
• Reference Thermistor Temperature(tref)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 5(c_shf5)
• top vapor pressure(vp_top)
• lat(lat)
• h(h)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• Soil heat capacity 4(cs4)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (15 to 30 min)(home_30)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 3(c_shf3)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• Retrieved pressure profile(pres)
• Temperature of the top humidity chamber(thum_top)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 3(sm3)
• ratio of sensible/latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio)(bowen)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 4(sm4)
• Soil heat capacity 3(cs3)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• top air temperature(tair_top)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)
• Bottom humidity(hum_bot)
• soil heat flow, site 4(g4)
• Top humidity(hum_top)
• soil heat flow, site 1(g1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 4(ces4)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts2)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 5(ces5)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 1(c_shf1)
• soil heat flow, site 3(g3)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 3(ces3)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 1(shf1)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces1)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 4(shf4)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 5(sm5)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 2(shf2)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• Temperature of bottom humidity sensor chamber(thum_bot)
• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• bottom air temperature(tair_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 3(ts3)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• Soil heat capacity 5(cs5)
• Exchange mechanism position indicator (0 to 15 min)(home_15)
• net radiation(q)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 3(shf3)
• bottom vapor pressure(vp_bot)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 4(ts4)
• soil heat flow, site 5(g5)
• lon(lon)
• 5 cm soil heat flow, site 5(shf5)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Soil heat capacity 1(cs1)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 1(sm1)
• 0-5 cm integrated soil temperature, site 2(ts1)
• base time(base_time)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)

SGP/EBBR/E26 - Winds, SM2 Invalid data 10/10/93 - 2/2/94

Beginning October 10, 1993 the EBBR system at E26, Cement, OK began to have
problems with outputs from soil moisture sensor number 2 and the wind direction
sensor.  This situation also occured in early 1993 and was eliminated by
replacing the soil moisture sensor (after replacing the wind direction
sensor did not help).  This time, replacing the soil moisture sensor did
not help, but the problem has not re-occured since the wind direction
sensor was replaced on February 2, 1994.  During periods of bad data the
wind direction output is a constant 135 degrees and soil moisture two is
offscale.

Invalid data for a constant wind direction of 135 degrees is:

30 minute: res_ws, wind_d, sigma_wd

15 minute: mv_wind_d

5 minute: res_ws, wind_d, sigma_wd.

Invalid data for soil moisture 2 offscale is:

30 minute: sm2, c_shf2, cs2, ces2, g2, ave_shf, h, e

15 minute: r_sm2

5 minute: no data affected.

    Apparent cause of data loss, if known:   Apparently an electronic
    problem in interfacing an intermittently malfunctioning wind direction
    sensor to the data acquisition system multiplexer, thereby affecting
    the other sensor (soil moisture 2) on that multiplexer pair.

• Wind direction (relative to true north)(mv_wind_d)
• Soil moisture 2(r_sm2)

• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)

• vector wind speed(res_ws)
• standard deviation of wind direction (sigma theta)(sigma_wd)
• soil heat flow, site 2(g2)
• Soil heat capacity 2(cs2)
• wind direction (relative to true north)(wind_d)
• h(h)
• 5 cm soil heat flow corrected for soil moisture content, site 2(c_shf2)
• average surface soil heat flow(ave_shf)
• volumetric soil moisture, site 2(sm2)
• latent heat flux(e)
• 0-5 cm change in soil heat storage with time, site 2(ces2)

SGP/EBBR/E8 - Invalid wind speed frozen sensor

On February 21, 1994 the EBBR wind speed sensor at E8, Coldwater, KS was
frozen to a stationary condition by ice.  Invalid data for the time period
indicated is:

30 minute: wind_s, res_ws

15 minute: wind_s

5 minute: wind_s, res_ws.

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)

• scalar wind speed(wind_s)
• vector wind speed(res_ws)