NSA/GNDRAD/C2 - IRT insufficiently heated

IRT had insufficient heating to maintain an internal reference temperature above 0 degrees 
C.  Measurements of sky temperature were over-estimated when instrument was below 
freezing.

• IRT1 mean(irt1_mean)
• IRT1 minimum(irt1_min)
• IRT1 standard deviation(irt1_sd)
• IRT1 maximum(irt1_max)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Noisy PIR Data

During the period referenced, the ground PIR was noisy in  
              comparison to the the sky PIR data.  (Note U021211.1 documents
              same problem for 9/1/98-2/28/99)

              The noise problem continued after the GNDRAD data logger was 
              replaced in late September. Particularly strong examples of the 
              noise can be seen in data from 11/10 - 11/19/99. The peak to 
              peak noise reaches 12 W/m2.

• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)

• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - IRT data noisy

After re-installation of the IRT on 12/10/99, the data are noisy. Source of the noise is 
believed to be the heater connected directly to the IRT.  Instrument was taken offline on 
12/30/1999 and shipped back to PNNL for repair/testing.

• IRT1 minimum(irt1_min)
• IRT1 maximum(irt1_max)
• IRT1 standard deviation(irt1_sd)
• IRT1 mean(irt1_mean)

• IRT1 standard deviation(irt1_sd)
• IRT1 mean(irt1_mean)
• IRT1 maximum(irt1_max)
• IRT1 minimum(irt1_min)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Instrument Maintenance

Tip tower was lowered for instrument maintenance.  Data taken 
              during this period are corrupt.

• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)

• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - PSP erroneously replaced by B&W

The PSP was erroneously replaced with a B&W on 6/13 and then 
              changed back to the PSP on 6/21. Data should still be good since
              appropriate calibration factors were applied.

• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)

• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Instrument maintenance

The tip tower was lowered for instrument maintenance.  Data
              recorded are garbage.

• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)

• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Bad calibrations applied

Bad data due to erroneous calibration constant in configuration 
              file

• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)

• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - PSP Data corrupted by brief spike

Large unreasonable narrow spike in PSP data; cause not known.

• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)

• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - No power to IRT

The data logger failed to supply power to the IRT.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - IRT cable failure

The IRT signal became very noisy and the problem was traced to the cable (after the 
instrument was returned to the vendor for diagnosis). The problem started occurring when ice 
surrounding the cable began to melt. The cable was repaired and the instrument reinstalled.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - IRT returned to vendor

The IRT was returned to the vendor for diagnosis. It was found to be operating as expected 
and the signal noise problem was traced to the cable. The cable was repaired and the 
instrument reinstalled.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)

NSA/GNDRAD/C2 - Upwelling PIR measurement - spikes in thermopile signal

ULH measurements have many spikes at this site.  On 2/03, the anomalous spikes become 
frequent and are very noticeable from 0027 - 0445 UTC.  Negative and positive spikes occur on 
seemingly random days until 5/27/2004.  Extensive troublshooting could not resolve 
problem, including a datalogger changout on 4/22.  Problem seems to have resolved itself with 
the last spikes occuring on 5/27/2004 approximately 1500GMT.  No problems with upwelling 
PIR noise are evident up until and after the conversion from Zeno to Campbell dataloggers 
on 11/22/2004.

• Instantaneous Upwelling Pygeometer Thermopile Voltage(inst_up_long_hemisp_tp)
• Instantaneous PIR1 uncorrected irradiance(pir1_voltage)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - IRT power failure

After performing corrective maintenance which involved turning off power to the GNDRAD 
instruments and data logger, power to the IRT was not restored. The problem was corrected by 
replacing the data logger.

• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Frosting/Condensation

The GNDRAD PIR and IRT comparison was showing the IRT 2-4 W/m^2 greater than the PIR.  
Suspected snow or frost on the instrument(s).  Corrective maintenance performed 10/15/04 at 
21:30 UT.  Optics of both instruments were cleaned.  Upwelling longwave measurement 
agreement restored (+/- 5 W/^2).

Although the relative performance (agreement) of the two instruments improved after 
corrective maintenance (+/- 2 W/m^2), no correction is suggested because the agreement remains 
with the estimated measurement uncertainty of +/- 4 W/m^2 (IRT) and +/-10 W/m^2 (Inverted 
PIR)

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• Net Radiation, Standard Deviation(net_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)

• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pygeometer Thermopile Voltage(inst_up_long_hemisp_tp)
• Instantaneous PIR1 uncorrected irradiance(pir1_voltage)
• Instantaneous PIR1 dome thermistor(pir1_dome_therm)
• Instantaneous PIR1 case thermistor(pir1_case_therm)

NSA/GNDRAD/C2 - Incorrect calibration coefficients applied to upwelling(Gndrad)PIR

An insitu test comparing the Gndrad PIR and the Gndrad IRT at the NSA was performed from 6 
Jan 2005 to 12 Jan 2005.  The radiometer mentor requested the Eppley single calibration 
coefficient for the PIR replace the 4 coefficients method developed by NREL.  The Grndrad 
PIR compared closer to the Gndrad IRT during this period. However, the radiometer mentor 
believes the 4 coefficient PIR irradiance measurements remains superior to the single 
coefficient Eppley PIR measurement method.  Further questions should be directed to the 
radiometer instrument mentor.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Power Disconnected Briefly

Power to the Tip tower and Groundrad was disconnected briefly while ground resistance 
measurements were made. 

The following comments are from Inst. Mentor Tom Stoffel: 

The longwave and shortwave irradiances from GNDRAD were not effected by the
temporary power disconnect.  Data are good.  This would have only stopped
the ventilators for a brief time and the data do not show any signs of poor
instrument responses.

The "sfc_ir_temp" data were, however, impacted during the brief (2
readings?) interval.

• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• External voltage(external_voltage)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - power outage affecting some GNDRAD sensors

During the power outage the upwelling global measurement from the PSP instrument shows a 
slight increase from -5 to +0 W/m2.  This is due to removal of thermal offsets induced by 
the AC heater during the power outage.  This heater is installed within the PSP 
ventilator - it is necessary for the NSA/C1 climate.
The upwelling longwave PIR instrument is unaffected due to case and dome temperature 
corrections.
The IRT is AC powered and was not operational during this time period.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Surface Infra-Red Signal(inst_sfc_ir_signal)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_short_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(up_short_hemisp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Reprocess: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003.  
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.                                                             
                The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place are 
being reprocessing to remove the calibration bias.  Note, this also affected standard 
deviation, maximum and minimum data fields.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)

NSA/GNDRAD/C2 - Reprocess: Longwave Calibration error

Modified pyrgeometer calibration procedures were implemented beginning in December 2003.  
These modified procedures introduced a calibration bias in the longwave data.  The 
previous procedures were re-implemented at all sites between December 2005 and February 2006 to 
restore proper calibrations.                                                             
                The data collected while the incorrect procedures were in place are 
being reprocessing to remove the calibration bias.  Note, this also affected standard 
deviation, maximum and minimum data fields.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Incorrect calibration coefficients

BarrowC1, Gndrad. On Aug 11th the PSP-US was changed out and the Campbell program was 
changed to reflect this.  However, an old program that uses the 4 coefficient PIR cal factors 
was used. The PIR-UIR was not changed out, however, the logger program coeffs reverted 
back to the 4 Coeffcients.  The Eppley PIR-UIR coefficients for this S/N 30168F3 are :  
K0=0.0, K1(aka k)=.25253, K2= 1.0, K3=-4, Kr=0.0.

• Raw data stream - documentation not supported(Raw data stream - documentation not supported)

• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pygeometer Thermopile Voltage(inst_up_long_hemisp_tp)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_dome_resist)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• NET mean(net_mean)
• NET standard deviation(net_sd)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• Net Radiation, Standard Deviation(net_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• Net Radiation, Minima(net_min)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Net Radiation, Maxima(net_max)

• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_dome_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pygeometer Thermopile Voltage(inst_up_long_hemisp_tp)
• Instantaneous PIR1 uncorrected irradiance(pir1_voltage)
• Instantaneous PIR1 dome thermistor(pir1_dome_therm)
• Instantaneous PIR1 case thermistor(pir1_case_therm)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Preventive maintenance

Preventive maintenance including ventilator repairs and instrument changeout during this 
time resulted in data that are not scientifically relevant.

• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Case Thermistor Resistance Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_case_resist)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(inst_up_short_hemisp)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pygeometer Thermopile Voltage(inst_up_long_hemisp_tp)
• Instantaneous Upwelling Pyrgeometer Dome Thermistor Resistance Pyrgeometer(inst_up_long_dome_resist)

• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_short_hemisp_std)
• Net Radiation, Standard Deviation(net_std)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Net Radiation, Maxima(net_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(up_short_hemisp)
• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)
• NET mean(net_mean)
• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)
• NET standard deviation(net_sd)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• Net Radiation, Minima(net_min)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)

NSA/GNDRAD/C1 - Missing data

Data are missing and unrecoverable.

• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Maxima(up_short_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_long_hemisp_std)
• External voltage(external_voltage)
• Net Radiation(net)
• IRT1 minimum(irt1_min)
• base time(base_time)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Standard
  Deviation(up_short_hemisp_std)
• PSP1 unshaded mean(psp1_mean)
• IRT1 maximum(irt1_max)
• Net Radiation, Standard Deviation(net_std)
• lon(lon)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Minima(up_long_hemisp_min)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer, Minima(up_short_hemisp_min)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Maxima(sfc_ir_temp_max)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Bit data. See details.(bit_data)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer, Maxima(up_long_hemisp_max)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Longwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyrgeometer(up_long_hemisp)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Upwelling (10 meter) Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance, Pyranometer(up_short_hemisp)
• Net Radiation, Maxima(net_max)
• IRT1 mean(irt1_mean)
• Logger panel temperature(logger_temp)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature, Standard Deviation(sfc_ir_temp_std)
• PSP1 unshaded maximum(psp1_max)
• GPS raw data filename(filename)
• NET mean(net_mean)
• PSP1 unshaded standard deviation(psp1_sd)
• NET standard deviation(net_sd)
• PIR1 unshaded standard deviation(pir1_sd)
• PIR1 unshaded mean(pir1_mean)
• lat(lat)
• Battery Voltage(internal_voltage)
• Surface Infra-Red Temperature Minima(sfc_ir_temp_min)
• Effective Surface (Skin) Temperature(sfc_ir_temp)
• PIR1 unshaded minimum(pir1_min)
• Net Radiation, Minima(net_min)
• PIR1 unshaded maximum(pir1_max)
• PSP1 unshaded minimum(psp1_min)
• IRT1 standard deviation(irt1_sd)