TWP/MWR/C1 - wrong azimuth

The MWR was initially installed at an azimuth angle defined as 180 degrees but the value 
in the configuration file was not changed from the default of 0 degrees. In examining 
photos taken during the installation of the AWS tower, I noticed that the MWR was rotated 
opposite the normal orientation. The value in the configuration file was changed to reflect 
the actual azimuth of the instrument.

• Actual Azimuth(actaz)

TWP/MWR/C1 - Reprocessed: Revised Retrieval Coefficients

IN THE BEGINNING (June 1992), the retrieval coefficients used to derive 
the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) from the 
MWR brightness temperatures were based on the Liebe and Layton (1987) 
water vapor and oxygen absorption model and the Grant (1957) liquid 
water absorption model.

Following the SHEBA experience, revised retrievals based on the more 
recent Rosenkranz (1998) water vapor and oxygen absorption models and 
the Liebe (1991) liquid waer absorption model were developed.  The 
Rosenkranz water vapor absorption model resulted a 2 percent increase 
in PWV relative to the earlier Liebe and Layton model.  The Liebe 
liquid water absorption model decreased the LWP by 10% relative to the 
Grant model.  However, the increased oxygen absorption caused a 
0.02-0.03 mm (20-30 g/m2) reduction in LWP, which was particularly 
significant for low LWP conditions (i.e. thin clouds encountered at 
SHEBA).

Recently, it has been shown (Liljegren, Boukabara, Cady-Pereira, and 
Clough, TGARS v. 43, pp 1102-1108, 2005) that the half-width of the 
22 GHz water vapor line from the HITRAN compilation, which is 5 percent 
smaller than the Liebe and Dillon (1969) half-width used in Rosenkranz 
(1998), provided a better fit to the microwave brightness temperature 
measurements at 5 frequencies in the range 22-30 GHz, and yielded more 
accurate retrievals. Accordingly, revised MWR retrieval coefficients 
have been developed using MONORTM, which utilizes the HITRAN compilation 
for its spectroscopic parameters.  These new retrievals provide 3 
percent less PWV and 2.6 percent greater LWP than the previous 
retrievals based on Rosenkranz (1998).

The Rosenkranz-based retrieval coefficients became active at TWP.C1 
20020504.0200.  The MONORTM-based retrieval coefficients became active 
at TWP.C1 20050630.2100.

Note: The TWP.C1 data for 19961011-20050630 have been reprocessed to apply the

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)

• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)

TWP/MWR/C1 - New software version (4.15) installed

A problem began with the installation of MWR.EXE version 4.12 in October 2002. The 
software had been upgraded from a "DOS" to a "Windows"-compiled program to address an earlier 
problem.  The software upgrade corrected the earlier problem but introduced a new one that 
caused line-of-sight observing cycles to be skipped, a 15% reduction in the number of tip 
curves, and saturation of CPU usage.  Software versions 4.13 and 4.14 also produced 
these problems.

The new MWR software version (4.15) was installed on 9/13/2005. As a consequence of this 
upgrade, the tip curve frequency increased. The tip cycle time decreased from ~60s to ~50s.

• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• Mean 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky23)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(sky31)
• Mean 31.4 GHz sky brightness temperature(tbsky31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)
• MWR column precipitable water vapor(vap)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Averaged total liquid water along LOS path(liq)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(sky23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)

• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd31)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 23.8 GHz(tnd_nom23)
• 23.8 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r23)
• Noise injection temp at 31.4 GHz derived from this tip(tnd31I)
• 31.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip31)
• Total liquid water along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(liqtip)
• Tip configuration number(tipn)
• Mixer kinetic (physical) temperature(tkxc)
• IR Brightness Temperature(ir_temp)
• Total water vapor along zenith path using tip-derived brightness temperatures(vaptip)
• 31.4 GHz blac2body+noise injection signal(bbn31)
• 31.4 GHz sky signal(tipsky31)
• 23.8 GHz Blackbody signal(bb23)
• Ambient temperature(tkair)
• (tknd)
• 31.4 GHz goodness-of-fit coefficient(r31)
• Blackbody kinetic temperature(tkbb)
• 23.8 GHz blackbody+noise injection signal(bbn23)
• 23.8 GHz sky brightness temperature derived from tip curve(tbskytip23)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz adjusted to tkbb(tnd23)
• 23.8 GHz sky signal(tipsky23)
• Noise injection temp at nominal temperature at 31.4 GHz(tnd_nom31)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 23.8 GHz(tc23)
• 31.4 GHz blackbody(bb31)
• Blackbody temperature 1(tkbb1)
• Noise injection temp at 23.8 GHz derived from this tip(tnd23I)
• Blackbody temperature 2(tkbb2)
• Temperature correction coefficient at 31.4 GHz(tc31)