HFE/ECOR/M1 - Sonic failure

The sonic datastream were "garbled", possibly associated with a serial line damage to the 
LI-7500 serial port or the Versalogic SBC serial port. Garbled data condition existed 
through 10/09/08 0030 GMT followed by missing data through 10/12/08 0230 GMT.

• average atmospheric pressure (IGRA internal sensor)(atm_pres)
• variance of v(var_rot_v)
• 0=real or 1=dummy value of lv(real_lv)
• variance of w(var_rot_w)
• condensation pressure(cp)
• variance of u(var_rot_u)
• average voltage of IRGA cooler(mean_cooler)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• rotated covariance wc(cvar_rot_wc)
• rotated covariance wt(cvar_rot_wt)
• vector averaged wind speed(wind_spd)
• 0=real or 1=dummy value of cp(real_cp)
• h(h)
• momentum flux (dynamic)(k)
• 0=real or 1=dummy value of mr(real_mr)
• number of valid w samples(n_good_w)
• vector averaged wind direction(wind_dir)
• Cross-boom wind velocity (v)(mean_v)
• number of valid v samples(n_good_v)
• Vertical wind velocity (w)(mean_w)
• number of valid u samples(n_good_u)
• Virtual temperature (T)(mean_t)
• number of valid t samples(n_good_t)
• rotated covariance wq(cvar_rot_wq)
• Down-boom wind velocity (u)(mean_u)
• number of valid q samples(n_good_q)
• Water vapor density (q)(mean_q)
• kurtosis of variable c(kurt_c)
• time(time)
• average temperature (IGRA internal sensor)(temp_irga)
• mean co2 concentration (c)(mean_c)
• latent heat of vaporization(lv)
• base time(base_time)
• covariance vc(cvar_vc)
• covariance uc(cvar_uc)
• covariance vq(cvar_vq)
• covariance uq(cvar_uq)
• lat(lat)
• covariance uv(cvar_uv)
• number of c samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_c)
• uw covariance(cvar_uw)
• vw covariance(cvar_vw)
• covariance ut(cvar_ut)
• Retrieved water vapor density profile(rho)
• Vertical angle of wind(phi)
• covariance vt(cvar_vt)
• standard deviation of wind elevation angle(std_elev)
• covariance wc(cvar_wc)
• 0=real or 1=dummy value of rho(real_rho)
• latent heat flux(lv_e)
• number of t samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_t)
• number of u samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_u)
• number of v samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_v)
• number of w samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_w)
• covariance of tc(cvar_tc)
• covariance wq(cvar_wq)
• number of valid c samples(n_good_c)
• number of q samples removed due to spikes(n_spk_q)
• covariance of tq(cvar_tq)
• number of samples with \IRGA hardware problem\ flag(n_bad_irga)
• wT covariance(cvar_wt)
• number of samples with bad sonic status flag(n_bad_son_ic)
• standard deviation of wind direction(std_wind_dir)
• number of samples with IRGA optical path blocked flag(n_bad_irga_light)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• rotated mean w(mean_rot_w)
• skewness of variable c(skew_c)
• rotated mean v(mean_rot_v)
• mean horizontal wind speed(mean_rot_u)
• vertical (elevation) wind angle(elev)
• skewness of variable w(skew_w)
• skewness of variable u(skew_u)
• mean value of out of range values and spikes of c -9999 if no spikes(mean_spk_c)
• skewness of variable v(skew_v)
• Friction velocity(ustar)
• mean value of out of range values and spikes of q -9999 if no spikes(mean_spk_q)
• skewness of variable t(skew_t)
• skewness of variable q(skew_q)
• number of bad or out of range q samples(n_bad_q)
• mean value of \spike\ w samples(mean_spk_w)
• mean value of \spike\ v samples(mean_spk_v)
• lon(lon)
• mean value of \spike\ u samples(mean_spk_u)
• mean value of out of range values and spikes of t -9999 if no spikes(mean_spk_t)
• number of bad or out of range c samples(n_bad_c)
• mixing ratio(mr)
• rotated covariance vq(cvar_rot_vq)
• rotated covariance vt(cvar_rot_vt)
• number of bad or out of range v samples(n_bad_v)
• variance of c(var_c)
• number of bad or out of range u samples(n_bad_u)
• number of bad or out of range t samples(n_bad_t)
• covariance of qc(cvar_qc)
• rotated covariance vw(cvar_rot_vw)
• number of bad or out of range w samples(n_bad_w)
• kurtosis of variable w(kurt_w)
• kurtosis of variable t(kurt_t)
• kurtosis of variable u(kurt_u)
• kurtosis of variable v(kurt_v)
• rotated covariance vc(cvar_rot_vc)
• variance of q(var_q)
• kurtosis of variable q(kurt_q)
• variance of variable w(var_w)
• variance of variable v(var_v)
• variance of variable u(var_u)
• variance of t(var_t)
• rotated covariance uq(cvar_rot_uq)
• rotated covariance ut(cvar_rot_ut)
• rotated covariance uw(cvar_rot_uw)
• rotated covariance uv(cvar_rot_uv)
• CO2 flux(fc)
• rotated covariance uc(cvar_rot_uc)

HFE/MPL/M1 - Frosting/Condensation

On various days during the China deployment, condensation accumulated on the view port 
window of the MPL and compromised its capability to detect clouds.  This problem most often 
occurred during nighttime hours from May through early September.  

During the listed times, cloud retrievals and aerosol profiles should be considered 
doubtful or in error.

The dates/times of occurrence are:
16:00-23:59 GMT on 05/18
17:00-22:00 GMT on 05/23
20:00-22:00 GMT on 05/25
15:00-23:59 GMT on 06/07
17:00-23:59 GMT on 06/08
15:00-23:00 GMT on 06/09
14:00-18:00 GMT on 06/18
18:00-21:00 GMT on 06/21
14:00-16:00 GMT on 06/23
16:00-21:00 GMT on 06/27
17:00-20:00 GMT on 06/28
      22:00 GMT on 06/29
19:00-23:00 GMT on 06/30
13:30-22:30 GMT on 07/02
16:00-17:30 GMT on 07/03 
20:30-22:00 GMT on 07/03
21:30-22:30 GMT on 07/05
13:00-22:00 GMT on 07/06
17:00-18:00 GMT on 07/07
21:00-22:30 GMT on 07/07
16:00-23:59 GMT on 07/10
11:00-23:00 GMT on 07/11
18:00-23:00 GMT on 07/12
15:00-16:00 GMT on 07/13
18:00-23:59 GMT on 07/14
18:00-21:00 GMT on 07/15
17:30-23:00 GMT on 07/16
17:00-23:00 GMT on 07/17
13:00-23:30 GMT on 07/20
18:00-23:00 GMT on 07/24
21:00-23:00 GMT on 07/25
21:00-22:30 GMT on 07/27
12:00-23:59 GMT on 08/02
16:00-21:30 GMT on 08/03
16:00-23:00 GMT on 08/04
14:00-22:30 GMT on 08/05
19:00-23:00 GMT on 08/07
19:00-21:30 GMT on 08/08
15:00-23:30 GMT on 08/10
17:30-23:30 GMT on 08/12
14:00-15:00 GMT on 08/14
16:30-22:30 GMT on 08/14
21:30-22:30 GMT on 08/17
12:00-23:59 GMT on 08/18
12:00-13:30 GMT on 08/19
20:00-23:30 GMT on 08/19
15:00-23:59 GMT on 08/20
11:00-23:59 GMT on 08/22
11:00-23:30 GMT on 08/23
12:00-23:30 GMT on 08/25
13:00-23:30 GMT on 08/26
16:30-23:59 GMT on 08/27
17:00-23:00 GMT on 08/31
15:00-23:59 GMT on 09/01
15:00-20:00 GMT on 09/02
19:30-23:59 GMT on 09/05
16:30-22:30 GMT on 09/09
19:30-23:59 GMT on 09/12
20:30-23:59 GMT on 09/15
14:00-16:30 GMT on 09/16
19:00-23:59 GMT on 09/16
20:30-23:59 GMT on 10/29
22:00-23:59 GMT on 11/01
20:00-23:59 GMT on 11/23
00:00-02:00 GMT on 11/24

• range(range)
• Background signal standard deviation, cross-pol(background_signal_std_cross_pol)
• Attenuated backscatter, co-pol(signal_return_co_pol)
• Attenuated backscatter, cross-pol(signal_return_cross_pol)
• effective range offset due to poor sync between laser firing and A/D trigger.(range_offset)
• Distance from leading edge of first range bin to the center of each bin .(range_bins)
• Laser output energy per pulse(energy_monitor)
• *(aqc_signal_return_co_pol)
• *(aqc_signal_return_cross_pol)
• base time(base_time)
• Background signal, co-pol(background_signal_co_pol)
• Polarization control voltage, co-pol(polarization_control_voltage_co_pol)
• Number of laser pulses summed during averaging interval(shots_per_sample)
• lat(lat)
• Maximum altitude retrieved from multichannel scalar card.(max_altitude)
• Dead time correction flag(dead_time_corrected)
• Background signal, cross-pol(background_signal_cross_pol)
• Number of bins stored in data block(num_bins)
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level, cross-pol(preliminary_cbh_cross_pol)
• Width of range-bins calculated from range_bin_time(range_bin_width)
• Laser Temperature(laser_temp)
• Number of samples used for cross-pol averages(nsamples_cross_pol_average)
• Telescope temperature(scope_temp)
• Detector Temperature(detector_temp)
• Polarization control voltage, cross-pol(polarization_control_voltage_cross_pol)
• Array of heights for the range gates(height)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Number of samples used for co-pol averages(nsamples_co_pol_average)
• Background signal standard deviation, co-pol(background_signal_std_co_pol)
• lon(lon)
• time(time)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level, co-pol(preliminary_cbh_co_pol)
• Number of detector channels(num_channels)
• Repetition Rate, or Trigger Frequency of the laser(pulse_rep)

• Number of laser pulses summed during averaging interval(shots_per_sample)
• Number of detector channels(num_channels)
• Dead time correction flag(dead_time_corrected)
• range(range)
• Width of range-bins calculated from range_bin_time(range_bin_width)
• Attenuated backscatter, cross-pol(signal_return_cross_pol)
• Polarization control voltage, cross-pol(polarization_control_voltage_cross_pol)
• Detector Temperature(detector_temp)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Background signal, cross-pol(background_signal_cross_pol)
• Background signal standard deviation, co-pol(background_signal_std_co_pol)
• Array of heights for the range gates(height)
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level, co-pol(preliminary_cbh_co_pol)
• lon(lon)
• Maximum altitude retrieved from multichannel scalar card.(max_altitude)
• *(aqc_signal_return_co_pol)
• lat(lat)
• Polarization control voltage, co-pol(polarization_control_voltage_co_pol)
• Telescope temperature(scope_temp)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• Background signal standard deviation, cross-pol(background_signal_std_cross_pol)
• Repetition Rate, or Trigger Frequency of the laser(pulse_rep)
• Background signal, co-pol(background_signal_co_pol)
• *(aqc_signal_return_cross_pol)
• Number of samples used for co-pol averages(nsamples_co_pol_average)
• Number of bins stored in data block(num_bins)
• Preliminary cloud base height above ground level, cross-pol(preliminary_cbh_cross_pol)
• Number of samples used for cross-pol averages(nsamples_cross_pol_average)
• Distance from leading edge of first range bin to the center of each bin .(range_bins)
• Laser output energy per pulse(energy_monitor)
• time(time)
• base time(base_time)
• Attenuated backscatter, co-pol(signal_return_co_pol)
• Laser Temperature(laser_temp)
• effective range offset due to poor sync between laser firing and A/D trigger.(range_offset)

• range(range)
• Number of detector channels(num_channels)
• Polarization control enabled flag(polarization_control)
• Number of bins stored in data block(num_bins)
• Telescope temperature(scope_temp)
• lon(lon)
• Detector Temperature(detector_temp)
• Number of laser pulses summed during averaging interval(shots_per_avg)
• Polarization control voltage setting(polarization_control_voltage)
• Dummy altitude for Zeb(alt)
• Repetition Rate, or Trigger Frequency of the laser(pulse_rep)
• Array of heights for the range gates(height)
• Background signal standard deviation(background_signal_std)
• lat(lat)
• base time(base_time)
• Laser output energy per pulse(energy_monitor)
• Distance from leading edge of first range bin to the center of each bin .(range_bins)
• Maximum altitude retrieved from multichannel scalar card.(max_altitude)
• Laser Temperature(laser_temp)
• Preliminary cloud base height(preliminary_cbh)
• Attenuated backscatter(signal_return)
• Width of range-bins calculated from range_bin_time(range_bin_width)
• time(time)
• Time offset of tweaks from base_time(time_offset)
• effective range offset due to poor sync between laser firing and A/D trigger.(range_offset)
• Background Signal(background_signal)
• Time in nanoseconds for each range bin of multichannel scalar card.(range_bin_time)
• Dead time correction flag(dead_time_corrected)

HFE/SKYRAD/M1 - IRT bias

The sky temperatures exhibited a positive bias compared to AERI, especially when < 230K. 
This is indicative of an incorrect emissivity setting (to compensate for the gold mirror) 
or a poor calibration. A similar problem with the same instrument occurred during the FKB 
deployment that was attributed to water vapor.

• Sky Infra Red Temperature Minima(sky_ir_temp_min)
• Sky Infra-Red Temperature(sky_ir_temp)
• Sky Infra Red Temperature Maxima(sky_ir_temp_max)

HFE/MWRP/M1 - Reprocess: Bias in LWP retrievals

Since local radiosondes were not available, radiosondes from a different site were used to 
develop retrieval coefficients. LWP retrievals are biased in the summer months 
(June-September).  Data in May and December are not affected.

Additional analysis will be conducted to derive new retrieval coefficients and the data 
will be reprocessed.

• Retrieved liquid water path using only 23.835 and 30.0 GHz(liquidWaterPath2)
• Retrieved liquid water path(liquidWaterPath)

HFE/NFOV/M1 - Over-ranging data

The instrument was incorrectly installed with an incorrect range setting in the logger 
program.  The program for lamp calibrating the instrument was used, and not the operational 
program. The scale ranges are different, and this resulted in over-ranging conditions 
when the signal exceeded the upper end of the measurement scale.  Affected times are 
centered around solar noon, nominally +/- one-hour around solar noon.  This lasted until 
mid-Aug, when the highest signals were no longer exceeding the logger range.

• Raw counts from instrument before calibration, 673 nm(raw_counts_673nm)
• Raw counts from instrument before calibration, 870 nm(raw_counts_870nm)
• Calibrated Zenith Radiance, 673 nm(radiance_673nm)
• Calibrated Zenith Radiance, 870 nm(radiance_870nm)